ArticleImmunogenetics2008
Support for the minimal essential MHC hypothesis: a parrot with a single, highly polymorphic MHC class II B gene.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Copy number variation and evolution of MHC class I and II genes in lovebirds (Agapornis, Psittaculidae, Psittaciformes).Heredity · 2026Article
- Some thoughts about what non-mammalian jawed vertebrates are telling us about antigen processing and peptide loading of MHC molecules.Current opinion in immunology · 2022Review
- Reconstructing Macroevolutionary Patterns in Avian MHC Architecture With Genomic Data.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- The role of demographic history and selection in shaping genetic diversity of the Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus).PloS one · 2020Article
- The genome sequence and insights into the immunogenetics of the bananaquit (Passeriformes: Coereba flaveola).Immunogenetics · 2017Article
- Characterization of class II β chain major histocompatibility complex genes in a family of Hawaiian honeycreepers: 'amakihi (Hemignathus virens).Immunogenetics · 2016Article
- Signatures of Crested Ibis MHC Revealed by Recombination Screening and Short-Reads Assembly Strategy.PloS one · 2016Article
- Non-neutral evolution and reciprocal monophyly of two expressed Mhc class II B genes in Leach's storm-petrel.Immunogenetics · 2015Article
- Genomic organization of the crested ibis MHC provides new insight into ancestral avian MHC structure.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Spatial and temporal variation at major histocompatibility complex class IIB genes in the endangered Blakiston's fish owl.Zoological letters · 2015Article
- Sexual selection and the evolutionary dynamics of the major histocompatibility complex.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2014Article
- Variation in positively selected major histocompatibility complex class I loci in rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis).Immunogenetics · 2014Article
- Extraordinary MHC class II B diversity in a non-passerine, wild bird: the Eurasian Coot Fulica atra (Aves: Rallidae).Ecology and evolution · 2014Article
- Evidence for multiple MHC class II β loci in New Zealand's critically endangered kakapo, Strigops habroptilus.Immunogenetics · 2014Article
- Article
- Characteristics of MHC class I genes in house sparrows Passer domesticus as revealed by long cDNA transcripts and amplicon sequencing.Journal of molecular evolution · 2013Article
- MHC class II B diversity in blue tits: a preliminary study.Ecology and evolution · 2013Article
- Evolutionary history of black grouse major histocompatibility complex class IIB genes revealed through single locus sequence-based genotyping.BMC genetics · 2013Article
- Evolutionary history of chordate PAX genes: dynamics of change in a complex gene family.PloS one · 2013Article
- A multi-platform draft de novo genome assembly and comparative analysis for the Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao).PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We characterized the MHC class II B gene in the green-rumped parrotlet, Forpus passerinus. Three approaches were used: polymerase chain reaction amplification using primers complementary to conserved regions of exon 2, sequencing clones from a genomic library, and amplification of exon 2 using species-specific primers. All three methods indicate that there is only a single class II B locus in this species and no pseudogenes. We suggest that this is the ancestral state for birds. The gene is highly polymorphic; 33 alleles were found in a sample of 25 individuals. Variation in exon 2 is concentrated in the peptide binding residues which show a significant excess of non-synonymous substitutions consistent with the operation of selection in maintaining this extraordinary polymorphism. Genomic clones show that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene organization is different from that of chickens; the class II A locus is close to II B. These data provide support for the hypothesis that the bird MHC constitutes a "minimal essential MHC" for responding to infectious disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.