ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2008
Intranasal insulin administration dose-dependently modulates verbal memory and plasma amyloid-beta in memory-impaired older adults.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 273 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combination of Intranasal Insulin With Oral Semaglutide to Improve Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow: a Feasibility Study
Device Study for Intranasal Delivery of Insulin
SNIFF Multi-Device Study 2 - Study of Nasal Insulin to Fight Forgetfulness
Study of Nasal Insulin to Fight Forgetfulness (SNIFF) - 3-Week Aptar CPS Device
Study of Nasal Insulin to Fight Forgetfulness - Combination Intranasal Insulin and Empagliflozin Trial
Who cites it
273 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 513 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- [The role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review].Problemy endokrinologii · 2023Pooled it
- Outcomes and clinical implications of intranasal insulin on cognition in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of intranasal insulin in improving cognition in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Intranasal insulin in Alzheimer's dementia or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2018Pooled it
- A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Intranasal insulin for improving cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers Track Cognitive Changes Following Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2019Trial
- Safety and preliminary efficacy of intranasal insulin for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease and multiple system atrophy: A double-blinded placebo-controlled pilot study.PloS one · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Intranasal insulin enhances brain functional connectivity mediating the relationship between adiposity and subjective feeling of hunger.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Central Nervous Insulin Signaling in Sleep-Associated Memory Formation and Neuroendocrine Regulation.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- A single-dose pilot trial of intranasal rapid-acting insulin in apolipoprotein E4 carriers with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease.CNS drugs · 2014Trial
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Signaling in Learning and Memory: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Insulin Regulates AKT/GSK-3β Signalling, Tau Phosphorylation, and Redox Homeostasis in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Exercise Increases the Sensitivity of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism to Intranasal Insulin in Young, Healthy Adults.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- The Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Modulating Biochemical Pathophysiology in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Narrative Review "Dual Frontiers in Neurodegeneration: Pharmacological Synergies and Divergences in Parkinson's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus".Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Intranasal insulin ameliorates prenatal LPS-induced learning and memory impairments in adolescent male rats: A behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Central cytometabolic functional vascular coupling in health and disease.npj metabolic health and disease · 2025Review
213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intranasal insulin administration raises central nervous system (CNS) insulin levels in humans and acutely facilitates verbal memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), an effect that may differ by APOE genotype. The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive dose response curves for intranasal insulin administration, and determine whether the effects of insulin differ between participants with (epsilon4+) and without (epsilon4-) the APOE- epsilon4 allele. On separate mornings, 33 memory-impaired adults with AD or amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 59 normal adults each underwent five intranasal treatment conditions consisting of insulin (10, 20, 40, or 60 IU) or placebo. Cognition was tested 15-minutes post-treatment, and blood was acquired at baseline and 45-minutes post-treatment. Plasma insulin and glucose levels were unaffected by treatment. Insulin administration facilitated recall on two measures of verbal memory in memory-impaired epsilon4- adults, with performance generally peaking at 20 IU. In contrast, memory-impaired epsilon4+ subjects demonstrated a relative decline in verbal memory. Insulin also differentially modulated plasma amyloid-beta for memory-impaired subjects and normal controls, effects that again differed by APOE genotype. These findings suggest that groups with different genetic risks for AD may show differential dose-response curves following intranasal insulin administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.