Trial reportAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2008
Systemic expression of cytokine production in patients with severe pneumococcal pneumonia: effects of treatment with a beta-lactam versus a fluoroquinolone.
Trial report in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Oral pentoxifylline as a novel adjunct to standard therapy in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of ceftriaxone regimens: 1 g twice daily versus 2 g once daily in a murine model ofJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Polydatin prevent lung epithelial cell from Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae injury by inhibiting biofilm formation and oxidative stress.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Treatment of Bacterial Infections with β-Lactams: Cooperation with Innate Immunity.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- CC16 Regulates Inflammation, ROS Generation and Apoptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells duringInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- SSRIs: Applications in inflammatory lung disease and implications for COVID-19.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2021Review
- Interleukin 6 as a marker of severe bacterial infection in children with sickle cell disease and fever: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Krueppel-Like Factor 4 Expression in Phagocytes Regulates Early Inflammatory Response and Disease Severity in Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Levonadifloxacin, a Novel Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone, Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Whole-Blood Assay and Murine Acute Lung Injury Model.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- The effects of Mannheimia haemolytica and albendazole on marbofloxacin pharmacokinetics in lambs.Tropical animal health and production · 2019Article
- Time to blood culture positivity as a predictor of clinical outcomes and severity in adults with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.PloS one · 2017Article
- Statin Use and Hospital Length of Stay Among Adults Hospitalized With Community-acquired Pneumonia.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- Effect of Antibiotic Class on Stroke Outcome.Stroke · 2015Article
- Elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia: optimal treatment strategies.Drugs & aging · 2011Review
- Impact of antibiotic therapy on systemic cytokine expression in pneumococcal pneumonia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2010Article
- Beneficial and Harmful Interactions of Antibiotics with Microbial Pathogens and the Host Innate Immune System.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2010Review
- Statins for community-acquired pneumonia: current state of the science.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial alveolar invasion is followed by an inflammatory response. A systemic extension of the compartmentalized immune response has been described in patients with severe pneumonia. The data suggest that some antimicrobials may induce a differential release of cytokines. We conducted a prospective, randomized study in adult patients with severe pneumococcal pneumonia to measure the effects of ceftriaxone and levofloxacin in the systemic cytokine expression over time. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and severity scores were recorded. The serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor agonist were measured at 0, 24, 72, and 120 h. A total of 32 patients were included in the study. Both groups were homogeneous in terms of age, comorbidities, severity of disease, and corticosteroid or statin use. With the single exception of IL-1beta, all cytokines were detected in venous blood. All of the cytokines studied showed a similar pattern of progressive decrease over time. No significant differences in the concentrations of any of the cytokines studied were found, with the exception of TNF-alpha, for which lower concentrations were obtained at 120 h in the levofloxacin group (P = 0.014). Basal oxygen saturation (P = 0.034) and heart rate (P = 0.029) returned to normal values earlier in the levofloxacin arm. We demonstrated that in patients with severe pneumococcal pneumonia pro- and anti-inflammatory responses could be detected in venous blood, representing a systemic extension of the compartmentalized response. Treatment with a beta-lactam agent or a fluoroquinolone has different effects on cytokine production and its systemic expression, impacting the clinical course of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.