SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2008
Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review of the literature.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02363023 (Prospective Comparative Study of Different Etiologic Diagnostic Methods in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective Comparative Study of Different Etiologic Diagnostic Methods in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of studies investigating ventilator associated pneumonia diagnostics in intensive care.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Procalcitonin in the Assessment of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Pooled it
- Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Usefulness of sputum gram stain for etiologic diagnosis in community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Semi-recumbent position versus supine position for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults requiring mechanical ventilation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of the point-of-care procalcitonin test for determining the antibiotic treatment duration in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a randomised controlled trial.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2021Trial
- Prospective phase II study evaluating the efficacy of swallow ability screening tests and pneumonia prevention using a team approach for elderly patients with gastric cancer.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Reader variability in the use of diagnostic terms to describe white matter lesions seen on cranial scans of severely premature infants: the ELGAN study.Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU · 2010Trial
- Effect of synbiotic therapy on the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2009Trial
- Impact of a strategy using multiplex PCR on targeted antibiotic therapy for patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation: a randomized, single-blind trial.Intensive care medicine · 2026Article
- Mortality and Predictors of In-Hospital Death Among Mechanically Ventilated Adults With Gram-Negative Pneumonia.Cureus · 2026Article
- Application of modified Charlson comorbidity index for predicting outcomes following adult living donor liver transplantation.World journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Bedside bronchoscopy in intubated patients with acute exacerbation of COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation: clinical applications, procedural timing, and standardized management.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Utility of Lung Ultrasonography for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- Whole genome comparisons reveal gut-to-lung translocation of Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cenocepacia in two cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU patients.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- The diagnostic value of RNA-mNGS and DNA-mNGS in differentiating bacterial infection from colonization in the lower respiratory tract.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and bacterial isolates in mechanically ventilated dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score Combined with Procalcitonin and Lung Ultrasound (CPIS-PLUS), a Good Tool for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Early Diagnosis in Pediatrics.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEarly, accurate diagnosis is fundamental in the management of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The aim of this qualitative review was to compare various criteria of diagnosing VAP in the intensive care unit (ICU) with a special emphasis on the value of clinical diagnosis, microbiological culture techniques, and biomarkers of host response.
methodsA MEDLINE search was performed using the keyword 'ventilator associated pneumonia' AND 'diagnosis'. Our search was limited to human studies published between January 1966 and June 2007. Only studies of at least 25 adult patients were included. Predefined variables were collected, including year of publication, study design (prospective/retrospective), number of patients included, and disease group.
resultsOf 572 articles fulfilling the initial search criteria, 159 articles were chosen for detailed review of the full text. A total of 64 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Clinical criteria, used in combination, may be helpful in diagnosing VAP, however, the considerable inter-observer variability and the moderate performance should be taken in account. Bacteriologic data do not increase the accuracy of diagnosis as compared to clinical diagnosis. Quantitative cultures obtained by different methods seem to be rather equivalent in diagnosing VAP. Blood cultures are relatively insensitive to diagnose pneumonia. The rapid availability of cytological data, including inflammatory cells and Gram stains, may be useful in initial therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected VAP. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells are promising biomarkers in diagnosing VAP.
conclusionAn integrated approach should be followed in diagnosing and treating patients with VAP, including early antibiotic therapy and subsequent rectification according to clinical response and results of bacteriologic cultures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.