ArticleAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2008
Relationship of impaired olfactory function in ESRD to malnutrition and retained uremic molecules.
Article in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- The Effects of Curcumin on Olfactory Dysfunction and Indoxyl Sulphate in Hemodialysis Patients.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Olfactory function in diabetes mellitus.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Review
- [Unintentional weight loss in chronic kidney disease].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Article
- Effect of Chronic Kidney Disease on Taste Function: A Case Control Study among Nigerian.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Correlations between IL-6 serum level and olfactory dysfunction severity in COVID-19 patients: a preliminary study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Impact of renal replacement therapies on olfactory ability: results of a cross-sectional case control study.Journal of nephrology · 2022Article
- Neuroimmunoendocrine Link Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Deficits.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Review
- Unconjugated p-cresol activates macrophage macropinocytosis leading to increased LDL uptake.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update.Toxins · 2018Review
- Characterization and Correction of Olfactory Deficits in Kidney Disease.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017Article
- Olfactory impairment in older adults is associated with poorer diet quality over 5 years.European journal of nutrition · 2016Article
- Inflammatory and vascular markers and olfactory impairment in older adults.Age and ageing · 2015Article
- Searching for uremic toxins.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2013Review
- Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2012Review
- Smell and taste function in children with chronic kidney disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2010Article
- Serum C-Reactive Protein Is Negatively Associated With Olfactory Identification Ability in Older Adults.i-PerceptionArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory function is impaired in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and may contribute to uremic anorexia. Only limited correlations of olfactory function and nutritional status were reported. This study examines the relationship of impaired olfactory function to malnutrition and levels of the retained uremic solutes monomethylamine, ethylamine, indoxyl sulfate, and P-cresol sulfate. STUDY
designCross-sectional observational study. SETTING &
participants31 stable maintenance hemodialysis patients from an urban outpatient dialysis unit and 18 people with normal renal function participated. PREDICTOR: Nutritional status assigned by using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) score; SGA score of 7 indicates normal nutritional status; SGA score of 5 to 6, mild malnutrition; and SGA score of 3 to 4, moderate malnutrition. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome is olfactory function, assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Levels of retained uremic solutes were measured from a predialysis serum sample. Demographic data and laboratory values for nutritional status, adequacy of dialysis, and inflammation were collected.
resultsMean smell scores were 34.9 +/- 1.4 for controls, 33.5 +/- 3.3 for patients with SGA score of 7, 28.3 +/- 5.8 for patients with SGA score of 5 to 6, and 27.9 +/- 4.4 for patients with SGA score of 3 to 4 (P < 0.001 comparing healthy patients with all patients with ESRD). There was no difference in mean smell scores for healthy controls and patients with SGA score of 7. However, patients with lower smell scores had significantly lower SGA scores (P = 0.02) and higher C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.02). Neither smell score nor nutritional status was associated with levels of retained uremic solutes. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size, only cross-sectional associations can be described.
conclusionsOur results suggest an association between poor nutritional status and impaired olfactory function in patients with ESRD. Additional research is needed to discover the uremic toxins mediating these processes.
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