ArticleBMC infectious diseases2008
PCR-DGGE assessment of the bacterial diversity of breast milk in women with lactational infectious mastitis.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00716183 (Phase 2/3 Evaluation of Three Lactobacilli Strains Isolated From Human Milk for the Treatment of Infectious Mastitis During the Lactation Period), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2/3 Evaluation of Three Lactobacilli Strains Isolated From Human Milk for the Treatment of Infectious Mastitis During the Lactation Period
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of and Risk Factors for Lactational Mastitis: A Systematic Review.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2020Pooled it
- Staphylococcus aureus rewires arginine metabolism to drive mammary aging via macrophage-epithelial crosstalk.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Genotypic and phenotypic characterization ofmSystems · 2025Article
- Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Whole-genome sequencing of bacteria accountable for lactational mastitis in humans combined with an examination of their antibiotic resistance profiles.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- The Association Between Lactational Infective Mastitis and the Microbiome: Development, Onset, and Treatments.Cureus · 2024Review
- Immunological composition of human milk before and during subclinical and clinical mastitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Breastmilk microbiome changes associated with lactational mastitis and treatment with dandelion extract.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis reveals no clear link between Staphylococcus epidermidis and acute mastitis.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2022Article
- Nipple candidiasis and painful lactation: an updated overview.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2022Review
- Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Human Breast Milk Composition and Function in Human Health: From Nutritional Components to Microbiome and MicroRNAs.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Human Milk Microbiota in an Indigenous Population Is Associated with Maternal Factors, Stage of Lactation, and Breastfeeding Practices.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
- Breast Milk: A Meal Worth Having.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Distinct Changes Occur in the Human Breast Milk Microbiome Between Early and Established Lactation in Breastfeeding Guatemalan Mothers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Human milk microbiota in sub-acute lactational mastitis induces inflammation and undergoes changes in composition, diversity and load.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfectious mastitis is a common condition during lactation and in fact, represents one of the main causes leading to a precocious weaning. The number of studies dealing with lactational mastitis is low and, up to now, the etiological diagnosis is frequently made on the basis of unspecific clinical signs. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of breast milk in 20 women with lactational mastitis employing culture-dependent and culture-independent (PCR-DGGE) approaches.
methodsBreast milk samples were cultured in different media to investigate the presence of bacteria and/or yeasts, and a total of 149 representative isolates were identified to the species level by 16S rRNA gene PCR sequencing. The microorganisms recovered were compared with those found by PCR-DGGE analysis. To identify the DGGE profiles two reference markers of different microbial species were constructed. Sequence analysis of unknown bands was also performed.
resultsStaphylococci were the dominant bacterial group and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the dominant species. In a lower number of samples, other bacteria (mainly streptococci and a few gram-negative species) were also identified. Globally, PCR-DGGE results showed a good correlation with those obtained by culture-based methods. However, although DNA bands corresponding to different lactic acid bacteria were detected, such bacteria could not be isolated from the milk samples.
conclusionStaphylococci seem to be the main etiological agents of human lactational mastitis. The combined use of culture and molecular techniques allowed a better characterization of the bacterial diversity in milk from women suffering from infectious mastitis. Our results suggest that this condition could be the result of a disbiotic process where some of the bacterial species usually present in human milk outgrow (staphylococci) while others disappear (lactobacilli or lactococci).
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Registered trials
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