ReviewMolecular diagnosis & therapy2008
Interindividual variability of methadone response: impact of genetic polymorphism.
Review in Molecular diagnosis & therapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between rs1799971 in the mu opioid receptor gene and methadone maintenance treatment response.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Who Were First Introduced to Opioids by Prescription: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of rilpivirine on the pharmacokinetics of methadone in HIV-Infected Chinese patients.Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Methadone, cocaine, opiates, and metabolite disposition in umbilical cord and correlations to maternal methadone dose and neonatal outcomes.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2011Trial
- Investigating Changes in Liver Enzyme Levels in Patients With Acute Methadone Poisoning.Journal of toxicology · 2026Article
- The Relevance of Pharmacokinetic Biomarkers in Response to Methadone Treatment: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of a Treatment Algorithm for Osteoarthritis Pain Management in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2024Article
- A genome-wide association, polygenic risk score and sex study on opioid use disorder treatment outcomes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- In vitro-in silico-based prediction of inter-individual and inter-ethnic variations in the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity of R- and S-methadone in humans.Archives of toxicology · 2022Article
- Three Mutations Convert the Selectivity of a Protein Sensor from Nicotinic Agonists to S-Methadone for Use in Cells, Organelles, and Biofluids.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2022Article
- A genetic-based population PK/PD modeling of methadone in Chinese opiate dependence patients.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Feasibility of Testing Client Preferences for Accessing Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment (iOAT): A Pilot Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Genomic and Personalized Medicine Approaches for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) Looking at Genome-Wide Association Studies.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Pharmacogenomics biomarkers for personalized methadone maintenance treatment: The mechanism and its potential use.Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences · 2021Review
- The association between cannabis use and outcome in pharmacological treatment for opioid use disorder.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Implications of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variants on treatment outcomes in methadone-maintained patients in Ontario: Exploring sex differences.PloS one · 2021Article
- ABCB1, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms do not affect methadone maintenance treatment in HCV-positive patients.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Methadone, an opioid analgesic, is used clinically in pain therapy as well as for substitution therapy in opioid addiction. It has a large interindividual variability in response and a narrow therapeutic index. Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for methadone-metabolizing enzymes, transporter proteins (p-glycoprotein; P-gp), and mu-opioid receptors may explain part of the observed interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and 2B6 have been identified as the main CYP isoforms involved in methadone metabolism. Methadone is a P-gp substrate, and, although there are inconsistent reports, ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms also contribute slightly to the interindividual variability of methadone kinetics and influence dose requirements. Genetic polymorphism is the cause of high interindividual variability of methadone blood concentrations for a given dose; for example, in order to obtain methadone plasma concentrations of 250 ng/mL, doses of racemic methadone as low as 55 mg/day or as high as 921 mg/day can be required in a 70-kg patient without any co-medication. The clinician must be aware of the pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacological interactions of methadone in order to personalize methadone administration. In the future, pharmacogenetics, at a limited level, can also be expected to facilitate individualized methadone therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.