ArticleEndocrinology2008
Characterization of nuclear import of the domain-specific androgen receptor in association with the importin alpha/beta and Ran-guanosine 5'-triphosphate systems.
Article in Endocrinology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- AR-V7 Utilizes a Noncanonical Nuclear Localization Signal to Sustain Androgen-Independent Nuclear Import and Signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Nuclear β-catenin: molecular regulation, challenges and therapeutic opportunities.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Coregulators determine androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer.Bioscience reports · 2025Review
- Review
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CXIII: Nuclear Receptor Superfamily-Update 2023.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- B-type Plexins promote the GTPase activity of Ran to affect androgen receptor nuclear translocation in prostate cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Article
- Androgen receptor nucleocytoplasmic trafficking - A one-way journey.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2023Review
- PPT1 regulation of HSP90α depalmitoylation participates in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism.iScience · 2023Article
- Subcellular Distribution of BALF2 and the Role of Rab1 in the Formation of Epstein-Barr Virus Cytoplasmic Assembly Compartment and Virion Release.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Article
- Anti-Androgen Receptor Therapies in Prostate Cancer: A Brief Update and Perspective.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Importins involved in the nuclear transportation of steroid hormone receptors:Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Molecular dynamics of estrogen-related receptors and their regulatory proteins: roles in transcriptional control for endocrine and metabolic signaling.Anatomical science international · 2022Review
- Kpna6 deficiency causes infertility in male mice by disrupting spermatogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2021Article
- PARP7 mono-ADP-ribosylates the agonist conformation of the androgen receptor in the nucleus.The Biochemical journal · 2021Article
- The classical and updated models of androgen receptor nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2021Review
- The Novel Nuclear Targeting and BFRF1-Interacting Domains of BFLF2 Are Essential for Efficient Epstein-Barr Virus Virion Release.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Androgen Receptor Dependence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2017Review
- Discovery Proteomics Identifies a Molecular Link between the Coatomer Protein Complex I and Androgen Receptor-dependent Transcription.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Androgen induces androgen receptor (AR) nuclear import, which allows AR to act as a transcriptional factor and ultimately leads to biological activity. However, the mechanism of AR translocation to the nucleus is still unclear. In the present study, we assessed the nuclear import abilities of each domain of AR and their mechanisms related to Ran and importin alpha/beta using green fluorescent protein real-time imaging. The localization of AR to the nucleus in the absence and presence of ligands was dependent upon a complex interplay of the amino terminal transactivation domain (NTD), the DNA binding domain (DBD), and the ligand binding domain (LBD). NTD and DBD showed ligand-independent nuclear import ability, whereas LBD had ligand-dependent transport. In addition, AR deletion mutant lacking DBD was distributed in the cytoplasm regardless of ligand existence, suggesting that the remaining domains, NTD and LBD, are responsible for AR cytoplasmic localization. Cotransfection with a dominant negative form of Ran dramatically inhibited the nuclear import of all AR domains, and a dominant negative form of importin alpha prevented AR and DBD import. Importin beta-knockdown strongly blocked DBD import. These results indicate that there are two additional nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in the NTD and LBD, and there are distinct pathways used to attain domain-specific AR nuclear import: the NLS of DBD is Ran and importin alpha/beta-dependent, whereas the NLSs of NTD and LBD are Ran dependent but importin alpha/beta-independent. Our data suggest that the nuclear import of AR is regulated by the interplay between each domain of the AR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.