ReviewJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2008
The alternative complement pathway revisited.
Review in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 301 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Targeting of the Complement System: From Rare Diseases to Pandemics.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Urinary Complement Proteomics: Toward Precision Biomarkers in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Article
- C3 glomerulopathy in transplant "like yet unlike native": Pathophysiology, recent advances in therapeutics and evolving paradigms.World journal of transplantation · 2026Review
- Differential complement activation by alloantibodies in sickle cell hyperhaemolysis syndrome may influence disease course.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Transcriptome, Proteome, and Metabolome Features in Diarrhea Challenge of Preweaning Piglets via Multi-Omics Integration Analyses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The ability of relapsing feverCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Complement tumor-crosstalk: the role of C5a receptors in urothelial carcinomas.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Complement diagnostics and therapeutics for the pediatric population: early successes and opportunities for further advancement.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Serum complement system activation in normal healing and atrophic non-union of human long bone fractures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Point-of-care assessment of complement activation in the ICU: a feasibility study of rapid terminal complement complex detection in critical illness.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Complement in acute kidney injury: a convergent pathogenic pathway in multifactorial renal damage.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Perfluorooctanoic acid-associated complement factor B upregulation and atrial fibrillation-related molecular alterations: integrated network toxicology, Mendelian randomization, molecular dynamics, and HL-1 cell analyses.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Complement Activation in Diabetic Nephropathy: Current Insights and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Activated Complement System's Impact in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Thrombosis: From Pathophysiology to Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The complement regulator CD55 modulates TLR9 signaling and supports survival in marginal zone B cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Endothelial Glycocalyx: The Missing Link Between Angiogenic Imbalance in Preeclampsia and Systemic Inflammation in HELLP Syndrome.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- Effect of Target-Mediated Disposition on Iptacopan Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Participants with Normal or Impaired Hepatic Function.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Host transcriptome response to Mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine tissues.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Alternative Complement Pathway in Carotid Atherosclerosis: Low Plasma Properdin Levels Associate With Long-Term Cardiovascular Mortality.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alternative pathway amplification plays a major role for the final effect of initial specific activation of the classical and lectin complement pathways, but the quantitative role of the amplification is insufficiently investigated. In experimental models of human diseases in which a direct activation of alternative pathway has been assumed, this interpretation needs revision placing a greater role on alternative amplification. We recently documented that the alternative amplification contributed to 80-90% of C5 activation when the initial activation was highly specific for the classical pathway. The recent identification of properdin as a recognition factor directly initiating alternative pathway activation, like C1q in the classical and mannose-binding lectin in the lectin pathway initiates a renewed interest in the reaction mechanisms of complement. Complement and Toll-like receptors, including the CD14 molecule, are two main upstream recognition systems of innate immunity, contributing to the inflammatory reaction in a number of conditions including ischemia-reperfusion injury and sepsis. These systems act as "double-edged swords", being protective against microbial invasion, but harmful to the host when activated improperly or uncontrolled. Combined inhibition of complement and Toll-like receptors/CD14 should be explored as a treatment regimen to reduce the overwhelming damaging inflammatory response during sepsis. The alternative pathway should be particularly considered in this regard, due to its uncontrolled amplification in sepsis. The alternative pathway should be regarded as a dual system, namely a recognition pathway principally similar to the classical and lectin pathways, and an amplification mechanism, well known, but quantitatively probably more important than generally recognized.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.