ArticleEpidemiology and infection2009
Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking immune studies: population-level immune variations and the path forward.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Viruses and celiac disease: what do we know ?Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic literature review of the global seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus: possible implications for treatment, screening, and vaccine development.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The influence of Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus on childhood respiratory health: A population-based prospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2020Trial
- Correspondence Between Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin-G Levels Measured in Saliva and Serum.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Adaptive immune responses to vaccination reflect social status at first exposure in female rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CMV primary and non-primary infections among daycare workers, and development of strategies to prevent infection (EDUQ-CMV): a mixed-method study protocol.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Acyclic graphs to define models of relationships between human cytomegalovirus, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in UK Biobank.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Life course socioeconomic disadvantage and persistent infection burden: Links to cellular immunosenescence in U.S. young adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Cognitive Impairment in CMV Seropositive and CMV Seronegative Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Health impact of a hypothetical intervention on immune burden of cytomegalovirus (CMV) among older adults in the US: a prospective analysis of the Health and Retirement Study Cohort.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Valacyclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between cytomegalovirus infection and dyslipidemia in US: an NHANES analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Human cytomegalovirus harnesses host L1 retrotransposon for efficient replication.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Lifespan Socioeconomic Context Is Associated With Cytomegalovirus and Late-Differentiated CD8 + T and Natural Killer Cells: Initial Results in Older Adults.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring health disparities in congenital CMV (cCMV): a study in a Somali-American community to assess awareness of cCMV and facilitate understanding of universal cCMV screening.Discover social science and health · 2024Article
- EBV-specific T-cell immunity: relevance for multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Chronic Stress and Latent Virus Reactivation: Effects on Immune Aging, Chronic Disease Morbidity, and Mortality.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes in the United States, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Increasing evidence points to links between lifelong exposure to infectious disease and subsequent chronic disease. Exposure and susceptibility to infections may be one way SES affects long-term health, although little population-based research to date has examined social patterning of infections in the United States. This paper tests the relationship between income, education, race/ethnicity and seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at different ages in a representative sample of the US population, and tests potential mediators for these relationships. The study finds significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in CMV seroprevalence beginning at early ages and persisting into middle age. Potential exposures do not explain the relationship between SES and CMV positivity. Because reactivation of latent CMV infections may contribute to chronic disease and immune decline later in life, future research should determine the exposure or susceptibility pathways responsible for these disparities in the prevalence of CMV infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.