ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2008
Who are we missing? Area deprivation and survey participation.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Results and Strategies for a Diversity-Oriented Public Health Monitoring in Germany.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
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- What impact do questionnaire length and monetary incentives have on mailed health psychology survey response?British journal of health psychology · 2017Trial
- Alcohol and disadvantaged men: A feasibility trial of an intervention delivered by mobile phone.Drug and alcohol review · 2017Trial
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- Identifying the parental figures of children who enter care: The pros and cons of different data linkage methods using Welsh datasets.International journal of population data science · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of group-based indicated prevention in children identified with disruptive behavior problems: results of an implementation study in the German health care system.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- A community health worker led approach to cardiovascular disease prevention in the UK-SPICES-Sussex (scaling-up packages of interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention in selected sites in Europe and Sub-saharan Africa): an implementation research project.Frontiers in health services · 2024Article
- How do health system factors (funding and performance) impact on access to healthcare for populations experiencing homelessness: a realist evaluation.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Mental health and sociodemographic characteristics among Icelanders, data from a cross-sectional study in Iceland.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Dementia risk in a diverse population: A single-region nested case-control study in the East End of London.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Article
- Design and development of a complex narrative intervention delivered by text messages to reduce binge drinking among socially disadvantaged men.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2018Article
- How to get a nation walking: reach, retention, participant characteristics and program implications of Heart Foundation Walking, a nationwide Australian community-based walking program.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Article
- Practical application of opt-out recruitment methods in two health services research studies.BMC medical research methodology · 2017Article
- Sample selection, recruitment and participation rates in health examination surveys in Europe--experience from seven national surveys.BMC medical research methodology · 2015Article
- Association between variables used in the field substitution and post-stratification adjustment in the Belgian health interview survey and non-response.International journal of public health · 2014Article
- Assessment of selection bias in a health survey of children and families - the IDEFICS Sweden-study.BMC public health · 2013Article
- A selective follow-up study on a public health survey.European journal of public health · 2013Article
- Personality, socio-economic status and inflammation: cross-sectional, population-based study.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigates selective participation by area deprivation in two population-based, nationally-representative surveys of children aged 5-16 years in England. We analysed the English participants (N = 22,903) in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys, conducted in 1999 and 2004. The surveys recruited parents, teachers and children, allowing us to calculate participation rates for all three types of informant, with particularly detailed analyses possible for parents. Area-deprivation was assigned using Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2004. We found that parents, teachers and children from more deprived areas were all substantially less likely to participate, with participation 8-9% lower in the most deprived areas than in the least deprived areas. There was substantial heterogeneity in the effect of deprivation on different types of parental non-participation, with a strong association for overall non-contact but none for overall non-cooperation. Refusal to participate in response to opt-out letters showed the opposite gradient to all other forms of non-participation, with individuals from less deprived areas being more likely to opt out. These findings indicate that the deprivation level of area of residence predicts non-response in multiple types of informants, which may exacerbate bias when estimating the prevalence of health outcomes. Furthermore, the magnitude and the direction of this may depend on the recruitment method used. Differential response by area deprivation may therefore be worth measuring in any survey.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.