ArticlePurinergic signalling2005
Neuroprotection by adenosine in the brain: From A(1) receptor activation to A (2A) receptor blockade.
Article in Purinergic signalling, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 239 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
239 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of the Protective Actions of Cat's Whiskers (Misai Kucing) on the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Modeling of the Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission and its Modulation by Adenosine and Caffeine.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Resveratrol as a potential natural compound to ameliorate cognitive impairment in aluminum-exposed mice: impacts on behavior, purinergic system, and brain inflammation.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Adenosine Receptor Functionality and Desensitization Machinery in a Neuronal Cell Model of Angelman Syndrome.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Article
- Role of Adenosine Receptors in Sleep Deprivation-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Selective antagonism of adenosine A2A receptor reduces hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol prevents thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in a mouse model of peripheral mononeuropathy.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances and challenges in experimental models of posttraumatic epilepsy for therapeutic interventions.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Microglial purinergic signaling in Alzheimer's disease.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Multiplexing FSCV and iGluSnFR3 Sensors Reveals Adenosine Transiently Inhibits Stimulated Dopamine and Glutamate Release.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Insights from Clinical Trials on AACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- The Anti-Parkinsonian A2A Receptor Antagonist Istradefylline (KW-6002) Attenuates Behavioral Abnormalities, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Cerebral Ischemia: An Adenosinergic Signaling Link Between Stroke and Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission by purinergic receptors in brain physiology and disease.Purinergic signalling · 2025Review
- Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and Its Association with Donepezil Restore Cognitive Impairment, Suppress Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Responses, and Improve Purinergic Signaling in a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Model in Mice.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Adenosine receptor subtype modulators: Insight into molecular mechanisms and their therapeutic application.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Balancing G protein selectivity and efficacy in the adenosine ANature chemical biology · 2025Article
- Putative Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors in Exogenous Ketone Supplements-Evoked Anti-Epileptic Effect.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pharmacology of Adenosine ANeurotoxicity research · 2024Article
179 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A(1) receptors (A(1)Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A(2A)Rs. It is commonly assumed that A(1)Rs play a key role in neuroprotection since they decrease glutamate release and hyperpolarize neurons. In fact, A(1)R activation at the onset of neuronal injury attenuates brain damage, whereas its blockade exacerbates damage in adult animals. However, there is a down-regulation of central A(1)Rs in chronic noxious situations. In contrast, A(2A)Rs are up-regulated in noxious brain conditions and their blockade confers robust brain neuroprotection in adult animals. The brain neuroprotective effect of A(2A)R antagonists is maintained in chronic noxious brain conditions without observable peripheral effects, thus justifying the interest of A(2A)R antagonists as novel protective agents in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic brain damage and epilepsy. The greater interest of A(2A)R blockade compared to A(1)R activation does not mean that A(1)R activation is irrelevant for a neuroprotective strategy. In fact, it is proposed that coupling A(2A)R antagonists with strategies aimed at bursting the levels of extracellular adenosine (by inhibiting adenosine kinase) to activate A(1)Rs might constitute the more robust brain neuroprotective strategy based on the adenosine neuromodulatory system. This strategy should be useful in adult animals and especially in the elderly (where brain pathologies are prevalent) but is not valid for fetus or newborns where the impact of adenosine receptors on brain damage is different.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.