ReviewAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2008
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: controversies surrounding pathophysiology of vasogenic edema.
Review in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 373 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
373 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,032 citations in OpenAlex.
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome in patients with COVID-19 infection: is there a link? A systematic review and case report analysis.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Acute stroke-like deficits associated with nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: an illustrative case and systematic review of literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and infection: a systematic review of the literature.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in patients following kidney transplantation.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2018Pooled it
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following severe postpartum hemorrhage: An atypical diffuse MRI pattern of brain involvement.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- A Case Report on Cerebral Autoregulation in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Idiopathic Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in a 4-month-old infant: a case report.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Clinical utility of Arterial Spin Labeling perfusion images in pediatric neurological emergencies.La Radiologia medica · 2026Review
- Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Clinical Predictors of Atypical PRES in Eclampsia: Higher Blood Pressure and Inflammatory Burden Drive Multi-Regional Involvement.Biomedicines · 2026Article
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- Article
- Case report: Hemodynamic dynamics in central variant PRES via serial ASL/DTI.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Blood Pressure Management in Neurologic Emergencies.Emergency medicine clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Predictors of intensive care unit admission in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome patients with preeclampsia or eclampsia: a 10-year retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Tracking Preeclampsia: The Role of Cerebral Biomarkers-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hypertensive crisis in the critically ill.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
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- Scleroderma Renal Crisis and Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Triggered by Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics, associated factors, and outcomes of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- An Association Between Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Severe Hypercapnia in Chronic CO₂ Retention.Cureus · 2025Article
313 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic state accompanied by a unique brain imaging pattern typically associated with a number of complex clinical conditions including: preeclampsia/eclampsia, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, solid organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases and high dose cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism behind the developing vasogenic edema and CT or MR imaging appearance of PRES is not known. Two theories have historically been proposed: 1) Severe hypertension leads to failed auto-regulation, subsequent hyperperfusion, with endothelial injury/vasogenic edema and; 2) vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion leads to brain ischemia and subsequent vasogenic edema. The strengths/weaknesses of these hypotheses are reviewed in a translational fashion including supporting evidence and current available imaging/clinical data related to the conditions that develop PRES. While the hypertension/hyperperfusion theory has been most popular, the conditions associated with PRES have a similar immune challenge present and develop a similar state of T-cell/endothelial cell activation that may be the basis of leukocyte trafficking and systemic/cerebral vasoconstriction. These systemic features along with current vascular and perfusion imaging features in PRES appear to render strong support for the older theory of vasoconstriction coupled with hypoperfusion as the mechanism.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.