Trial reportSchizophrenia bulletin2009
The impact of supported employment and working on clinical and social functioning: results of an international study of individual placement and support.
Trial report in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of interventions in reducing economic inactivity for people with long term health conditions and disabilities in the United Kingdom: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Supported employment: Meta-analysis and review of randomized controlled trials of individual placement and support.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Who benefits from supported employment: a meta-analytic study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2011Pooled it
- A Randomised Controlled Trial of IPS in Severe Mental Disorders: Mental Health, Functional, and Vocational Outcomes in a High-Unemployment Setting.International journal of public health · 2025Trial
- Employment in Personality Disorders and the Effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support: Outcomes from a Secondary Data Analysis.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2020Trial
- Positive impact of IPS supported employment on PTSD-related occupational-psychosocial functional outcomes: Results from a VA randomized-controlled trial.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2019Trial
- Biopsychosocial predictors and trajectories of work participation after transdiagnostic occupational rehabilitation of participants with mental and somatic disorders: a cohort study.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Adding Telephone Follow-Up to an Occupational Rehabilitation Program to Increase Work Participation.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2018Trial
- Does Competitive Work Improve Quality of Life for Adults with Severe Mental Illness? Evidence from a Randomized Trial of Supported Employment.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2016Trial
- Work-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy and individual job support to increase work participation in common mental disorders: a randomised controlled multicentre trial.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2015Trial
- Work outcomes after benefits counseling among veterans applying for service connection for a psychiatric condition.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2014Trial
- Trial
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- A prospective examination of the impact of a supported employment program and employment on health-related quality of life, handicap, and disability among Veterans with SCI.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2013Trial
- The effectiveness of individual placement and support for people with mental illness new on social benefits: a study protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2013Trial
- 'Placement budgets' for supported employment--improving competitive employment for people with mental illness: study protocol of a multicentre randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2012Trial
- The relationships between employment, clinical status, and psychiatric hospitalisation in patients with schizophrenia receiving either IPS or a conventional vocational rehabilitation programme.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2012Trial
- Working with mental health problems: clients' experiences of IPS, vocational rehabilitation and employment.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2009Trial
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundConcerns are frequently expressed that working might worsen the mental health of people with severe mental illness (SMI). Several studies of Individual Placement and Support (IPS), however, have found associations between working and better nonvocational outcomes. IPS has been found to double the return to work of people with SMI in 6 European countries.
aimsTo explore separately associations between IPS, returning to work, and clinical and social outcomes.
methodsPatients (n = 312) in a randomized controlled trial of IPS in 6 European centers were followed up for 18 months.
resultsThere were no differences in clinical and social functioning between IPS and control patients at 18 months. Those who worked had better global functioning, fewer symptoms, and less social disability at final follow-up; greater job tenure was associated with better functioning. Working was associated with concurrently better clinical and social functioning, but this contrast was stronger in the control group, suggesting that IPS was better than the control service at helping more unwell patients into work. Working was associated with having been in remission and out of hospital for the previous 6 months. It was also associated with a slight decrease in depression and with being in remission over the subsequent 6 months.
conclusionsConcerns among clinicians about possible detrimental effects of working and supported employment have been misplaced. Although some of the associations found may have been selection effects, there is sufficient evidence of work having beneficial effects on clinical and social functioning to merit further exploration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.