ReviewGeneral thoracic and cardiovascular surgery2008
Immunological function of thymoma and pathogenesis of paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis.
Review in General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for postoperative myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma without myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma.Muscle & nerve · 2026Review
- Immunological spectrum in patients with thymoma: beyond good syndrome.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Immune remodeling after thymectomy in patients with anti-AChR antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- FcRn inhibitors for myasthenia gravis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Complement inhibitors for myasthenia gravis in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Characterizing the tumor immune environment in thymic epithelial tumors using T-cell receptor repertoire analysis and gene expression profiling.JTCVS open · 2025Article
- Article
- Pathogenesis of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: a narrative review.Mediastinum (Hong Kong, China) · 2025Review
- Efgartigimod non-responders after the first treatment cycle in generalized myasthenia gravis: a retrospective analysis of predictive factors.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Identification of Hub Genes and Analysis of their Regulatory miRNAs in Patients with Thymoma Associated Myasthenia Gravis Based on TCGA Database.MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates) · 2025Article
- Review
- Germinal centers are associated with postthymectomy myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Identification of Potential Key Genes for the Comorbidity of Myasthenia Gravis With Thymoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2024Article
- Autoimmunity in thymic epithelial tumors: a not yet clarified pathologic paradigm associated with several unmet clinical needs.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Identification of Potential Serum Protein Biomarkers in Thymoma with Myasthenia Gravis After Docetaxel Treatment.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Comparison of Short-Term Post-Thymectomy Outcomes by Time-Weighted Dosages of Drug Requirements between Thymoma and Non-Thymoma Myasthenia Gravis Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Concurrent de novo Thymoma-associated Paraneoplastic Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Pure Red Cell Aplasia after Thymectomy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Review
- Epigenetics of Thymic Epithelial Tumors.Cancers · 2023Review
- The Role of Thymoma and Thymic Hyperplasia as Prognostic Risk Factors for Secondary Generalisation in Adults with Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Narrative Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are the representative tumors arising from the thymic epithelium. Thymoma is well known for association with autoimmune diseases including myasthenia gravis, suggesting its biological activity. Herein, recent progress in research of thymoma is reviewed with reference to its immunological function. Myasthenia gravis is frequently associated with WHO type B1 and B2 thymomas. These types of thymomas hold a significant number of CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive T cells, and at the same time, the neoplastic epithelial cells express HLA-DR molecules at a slightly reduced level compared with the normal thymus. The impaired expression of HLA-DR molecules in neoplastic epithelial cells of thymomas possibly affects positive selection of CD4(+)CD8(-) single-positive T cells and may result in alteration of its repertoire. The function of thymoma neoplastic cells as the cortical epithelium of the thymus and the morphological resemblance of thymomas to the cortex suggest that thymoma is of cortical epithelial origin; this might imply that thymoma lacks the functional medulla where professional antigen-presenting cells are engaged in negative selection. These findings suggest that thymoma generates autoreactive T cells causing autoimmunity. Further investigation on immunological function of thymoma is supposed to elucidate the pathogenesis of thymoma-related autoimmunity and the high affinity of thymoma with myasthenia gravis. In addition, studying the biology of thymoma is also expected to contribute to further understanding of T-cell development and immunological tolerance in the human, because thymoma can be considered an acquired thymus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.