Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2008
Temporal and lateral dynamics of HIV shedding and elevated sodium in breast milk among HIV-positive mothers during the first 4 months of breast-feeding.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00310726 (Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding With Abrupt Weaning to Reduce the Risk of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recurrent Severe Subclinical Mastitis and the Risk of HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Understanding practices of lactation and infant feeding together with women with HIV: the UPLIFT observational study protocol.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding in the United States Among Women With HIV: Con Viewpoint.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV and SIV in Body Fluids: From Breast Milk to the Genitourinary Tract.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Article
- The role of cell-associated virus in mother-to-child HIV transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Review
- Immunology of pediatric HIV infection.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- HIV-1 concentrations in human breast milk before and after weaning.Science translational medicine · 2013Article
- Dynamics of breast milk HIV-1 RNA with unilateral mastitis or abscess.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Article
- Cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) HIV-1 and postnatal transmission through breastfeeding.PloS one · 2012Article
- HIV-specific antibodies capable of ADCC are common in breastmilk and are associated with reduced risk of transmission in women with high viral loads.PLoS pathogens · 2012Article
- Cumulative exposure to cell-free HIV in breast milk, rather than feeding pattern per se, identifies postnatally infected infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2011Article
- Multiple independent lineages of HIV-1 persist in breast milk and plasma.AIDS (London, England) · 2011Article
- Viral sequence analysis from HIV-infected mothers and infants: molecular evolution, diversity, and risk factors for mother-to-child transmission.Clinics in perinatology · 2010Article
- What infants and breasts can teach us about natural protection from HIV infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Review
- Article
- Milk mysteries: Why are women who exclusively breast-feed less likely to transmit HIV during breast-feeding?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo better understand the dynamics of breast milk HIV shedding and its relation to postnatal HIV transmission, we investigated the temporal and lateral relations of breast milk viral shedding and sodium concentrations in HIV-positive women.
designThis was a longitudinal cohort study in Lusaka, Zambia.
methodWe examined patterns of HIV shedding in breast milk over the first 4 months of breast-feeding and their correlations with postnatal HIV transmission among 138 breast-feeding mothers. Sodium concentration in breast milk was also examined in the same samples and in breast milk from 23 HIV-negative controls.
resultsHigher breast milk viral load at 1 week, 1 month, and 4 months and consistent viral shedding in breast milk were significantly associated with increased risk of HIV transmission. Elevated breast milk sodium concentration (> or =13 mmol/L) at 4 months was associated with HIV transmission, low maternal CD4 cell count, and high maternal plasma viral load. Elevated sodium concentration at 1 week postpartum was common and was not associated with any of these parameters.
conclusionsConsistent viral shedding and high breast milk viral load are strong predictors of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Although sodium concentrations later in breast-feeding correlate with breast milk viral load, increased breast milk sodium is normal in early lactation and does not predict HIV transmission.
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