ArticleImmunology2008
T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 responses to myelin basic protein and disease activity in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of cladribine in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Reconstitution of immune cell populations in multiple sclerosis patients after autologous stem cell transplantation.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Trial
- Altered balance between self-reactive T helper (Th)17 cells and Th10 cells and between full-length forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and FoxP3 splice variants in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Trial
- Randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Modulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine and derived active metabolites on autoimmune-inflammatory signaling pathways in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Redefining multiple sclerosis therapy through microbial immunomodulation and epigenetic control.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Aging-dependent change in Th17 and cytokine response in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Bibliometric analysis of the intestinal microbiota and demyelinating diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis, since 2014.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Type 17 immunity: novel insights into intestinal homeostasis and autoimmune pathogenesis driven by gut-primed T cells.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Genetically Predicted Association of 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins with Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Study on the alleviative effect ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on multiple sclerosis activity as reflected by MRI.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Directly Induce Alterations of Neuronal Cytoarchitecture in Human Neurons.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system pathologies: A mini review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Mimicking the brain: Epstein-Barr virus and foreign agents as drivers of neuroimmune attack in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- CEST MRI and MALDI imaging reveal metabolic alterations in the cervical lymph nodes of EAE mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Immune Modulation by Antigenic Peptides and Antigenic Peptide Conjugates for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Medical research archives · 2022Article
- Review
- The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells are thought to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the stimulatory effect of human myelin basic protein (MBP) on mononuclear cell (MNC) cultures from 22 patients with MS and 22 sex-matched and age-matched healthy individuals, and related the patient responses to disease activity, as indicated by magnetic resonance imaging. The MBP induced a dose-dependent release of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) by patient-derived MNCs. The patients' cells produced higher amounts of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and lower amounts of IL-10, than cells from healthy controls (P<0.03 to P<0.04). Five patients with MS and no controls, displayed MBP-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation. These high-responders exhibited enhanced production of IL-17, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-4 upon challenge with MBP, as compared with the remaining patients and the healthy controls (P<0.002 to P<0.01). A strong correlation was found between the MBP-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation and production of IL-17, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and IL-4 (P<0.0001 to P<0.01) within the patient group, and the production of IL-17 and IL-5 correlated with the number of active plaques on magnetic resonance images (P=0.04 and P=0.007). These data suggest that autoantigen-driven CD4+ T-cell proliferation and release of IL-17 and IL-5 may be associated with disease activity. Larger studies are needed to confirm this.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.