ReviewImmunologic research2008
Persistent parasites and immunologic memory in cutaneous leishmaniasis: implications for vaccine designs and vaccination strategies.
Review in Immunologic research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized controlled trial of local heat therapy versus intravenous sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of cutaneous Leishmania major infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2010Trial
- Persistent antigen is essential for sustainingScience advances · 2026Article
- Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) regulates IL-17A-mediated immunity toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Leishmania major Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) is a key metabolic enzyme that drives parasite proliferation, pathology and host immune response.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Memory T cells: promising biomarkers for evaluating protection and vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Antigen recognition reinforces regulatory T cell mediated Leishmania major persistence.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Next-Generation Leishmanization: Revisiting Molecular Targets for Selecting Genetically Engineered Live-AttenuatedMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Indian sub-continent: challenges and strategies for elimination.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Nitric oxide controls proliferation of Leishmania major by inhibiting the recruitment of permissive host cells.Immunity · 2021Article
- Prognostic Value of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Patterns by Western Blotting Immunodetection in Treated Dogs Previously Infected withVeterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Insights intoVeterinary sciences · 2021Review
- Precision Medicine in Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Nanoemulsified Butenafine for Enhanced Performance against Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
- Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: A threat to elimination program.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Combination ofInfection and immunity · 2020Article
- Vaccines for leishmaniasis and the implications of their development for American tegumentary leishmaniasis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Subcutaneous Immunization ofVaccines · 2020Article
- DNA Vaccine Treatment in Dogs Experimentally Infected withJournal of immunology research · 2020Article
- Review
- Phenotypic and Functional Profiles of Antigen-Specific CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite a plethora of publications on the murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis and their contribution to our understanding of the factors that regulate the development of CD4+ T cell immunity in vivo, there is still no effective vaccine against the human disease. While recovery from natural or experimental infection with Leishmania major, the causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, results in persistence of parasites at the primary infection site and the development of long-lasting immunity to reinfection, vaccination with killed parasites or recombinant proteins induces only short-term protection. The reasons for the difference in protective immunity following recovery from live infection and vaccination with heat-killed parasites are not known. This may in part be related to persistence of live parasites following healing of primary cutaneous lesions, because complete clearance of parasites leads to rapid loss of infection-induced immunity. Recent reports indicate that in addition to persistent parasites, IL-10-producing natural regulatory T cells may also play critical roles in the maintenance and loss of infection-induced immunity. This review focuses on current understanding of the factors that regulate the development, maintenance and loss of anti-Leishmania memory responses and highlights the role of persistent parasites and regulatory T cells in this process. Understanding these factors is crucial for designing effective vaccines and vaccination strategies against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.