ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2008
An epidemic of fatal 3-methylfentanyl poisoning in Estonia.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abuse potential of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues.BioImpacts : BI · 2024Article
- Blood concentrations of new synthetic opioids.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Review
- The fentanyl epidemic in Estonia: factors in its evolution and opportunities for a comprehensive public health response, a scoping review.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- [Bonzai, lead and bath salt-poisoning with new and old drugs : Synthetic amphetamines, cathinones, cannabinoids and opioids-an overview].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2019Review
- Determination of Fentanyl Analog Exposure Using Dried Blood Spots with LC-MS-MS.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2019Article
- The Experience of the Treatment Demand Indicator in Europe: A Common Monitoring Tool Across 30 Countries.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs. Supplement · 2019Article
- Fatalities caused by novel opioids: a review.Forensic sciences research · 2019Review
- Novel synthetic opioids - toxicological aspects and analysis.Forensic sciences research · 2019Review
- Novel Synthetic Opioids: The Pathologist's Point of View.Brain sciences · 2018Review
- An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Non-fatal overdoses and related risk factors among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia and Kohtla-Järve, Estonia.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Postmortem Toxicology Findings of Acetyl Fentanyl, Fentanyl, and Morphine in Heroin Fatalities in Tampa, Florida.Academic forensic pathology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An exceptional epidemic of poisonings due to the highly potent opioid designer drug 3-methylfentanyl (TMF) was revealed among Estonian drug users in 2005-2006 by post-mortem forensic toxicology. Quantitative analysis of cis-TMF, trans-TMF, and fentanyl was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Comprehensive toxicological analysis was performed using a multi-technique approach. The number of TMF-related fatal accidental poisonings identified was 46 and 71 for 2005 and 2006, respectively. The proportion of male victims was 91.5% and the mean age of all victims was 26 years at death. TMF was used predominantly by intravenous injection. There was no significant difference in the blood concentrations of cis-TMF and trans-TMF between pure TMF poisonings and mixed TMF poisonings. The mean combined concentration of TMF stereoisomers among pure TMF cases (1.9 microg/l) was more than ten times lower than the mean fentanyl concentration in fentanyl-related fatalities. Concomitant use of other drugs involved alcohol, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, and cannabis, but very rarely other opioids.
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