ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Purported nanobacteria in human blood as calcium carbonate nanoparticles.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical implications of calcifying nanoparticles in dental diseases: a critical review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2014Pooled it
- Membrane vesicles nucleate mineralo-organic nanoparticles and induce carbonate apatite precipitation in human body fluids.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Trial
- Calcifying nanoparticles induce apoptosis and calcification in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsWorld journal of stem cells · 2025Article
- A preliminary study on calcifying nanoparticles in dental plaque: Isolation, characterization, and potential mineralization mechanism.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2024Article
- Designing pH-Dependent Systems Based on Nanoscale Calcium Carbonate for the Delivery of an Antitumor Drug.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Femtoplankton: What's New?Viruses · 2020Review
- Size Matters: Ultra-small and Filterable Microorganisms in the Environment.Microbes and environments · 2020Review
- A Brief Review about the Role of Nanomaterials, Mineral-Organic Nanoparticles, and Extra-Bone Calcification in Promoting Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression.Biomedicines · 2019Review
- Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles Can Activate the Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition in an Experimental Gastric Cancer Model.Biomedicines · 2019Article
- Discovery of High Abundances of Aster-Like Nanoparticles in Pelagic Environments: Characterization and Dynamics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Comprehensive organic profiling of biological particles derived from blood.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Mineral particles stimulate innate immunity through neutrophil extracellular traps containing HMGB1.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Pleomorphic bacteria-like structures in human blood represent non-living membrane vesicles and protein particles.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Formation and characteristics of biomimetic mineralo-organic particles in natural surface water.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not direct calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins defines pathogenic effects of calcium phosphate bions.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Pleomorphic Structures in Human Blood Are Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles, Not Bacteria.PloS one · 2016Article
- Detection and characterization of mineralo-organic nanoparticles in human kidneys.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Viruses Occur Incorporated in Biogenic High-Mg Calcite from Hypersaline Microbial Mats.PloS one · 2015Article
- A Drosophila model identifies a critical role for zinc in mineralization for kidney stone disease.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests a role for nanobacteria in a growing number of human diseases, including renal stone formation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This large body of research studies promotes the view that nanobacteria are not only alive but that they are associated with disease pathogenesis. However, it is still unclear whether they represent novel life forms, overlooked nanometer-size bacteria, or some other primitive self-replicating microorganisms. Here, we report that CaCO(3) precipitates prepared in vitro are remarkably similar to purported nanobacteria in terms of their uniformly sized, membrane-delineated vesicular shapes, with cellular division-like formations and aggregations in the form of colonies. The gradual appearance of nanobacteria-like particles in incubated human serum as well as the changes seen with their size and shape can be influenced and explained by introducing varying levels of CO(2) and NaHCO(3) as well as other conditions known to influence the precipitation of CaCO(3). Western blotting reveals that the monoclonal antibodies, claimed to be specific for nanobacteria, react in fact with serum albumin. Furthermore, nanobacteria-like particles obtained from human blood are able to withstand high doses of gamma-irradiation up to 30 kGy, and no bacterial DNA is found by performing broad-range PCR amplifications. Collectively, our results provide a more plausible abiotic explanation for the unusual properties of purported nanobacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.