Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18385327›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2008

Long-distance retrograde effects of botulinum neurotoxin A.

Flavia Antonucci, Chiara Rossi, Laura Gianfranceschi, Ornella Rossetto, Matteo Caleo

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02736890 (Subcutaneous Injection of Botulinum Toxin A for At--Level Back Pain in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury), which is not on this map. Cited by 194 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
194citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
16.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02736890 phase2terminatednot on this mapstarted 2016, after this paper: background citation

Subcutaneous Injection of Botulinum Toxin A for At--Level Back Pain in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

TypeinterventionalSponsorIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiRan2016 to 2018Enrolled8ConditionsNeuropathic Back Pain, Spinal Cord InjuryArmsBotulinum Toxin A, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

194 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 444 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  4. Botulinum toxin type A therapy for hemifacial spasm.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  5. Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020
    Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017
    Pooled it
  9. Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
    Pooled it
  10. Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
    Pooled it
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Botulinum toxin injections reduce associative plasticity in patients with primary dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2011
    Trial
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Botulinum toxin for chronic migraine.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Review
  20. Review

134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Flavia AntonucciIstituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Chiara Rossi
Laura Gianfranceschi
Ornella Rossetto
Matteo Caleo
Neuroscience Institute · ITScuola Normale Superiore · ITUniversity of Padua · IT

Funding

Telethon GGP04086
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxins (designated BoNT/A-BoNT/G) are bacterial enzymes that block neurotransmitter release by cleaving essential components of the vesicle fusion machinery. BoNT/A, which cleaves SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa), is extensively exploited in clinical medicine to treat neuromuscular pathologies, facial wrinkles, and various types of pain. It is widely assumed that BoNT/A remains at the synaptic terminal and its effects are confined to the injection site. Here we demonstrate that catalytically active BoNT/A is retrogradely transported by central neurons and motoneurons and is then transcytosed to afferent synapses, in which it cleaves SNAP-25. SNAP-25 cleavage by BoNT/A was observed in the contralateral hemisphere after unilateral BoNT/A delivery to the hippocampus. Appearance of cleaved SNAP-25 resulted in blockade of hippocampal activity in the untreated hemisphere. Injections of BoNT/A into the optic tectum led to the appearance of BoNT/A-truncated SNAP-25 in synaptic terminals within the retina. Cleaved SNAP-25 also appeared in the facial nucleus after injection of the toxin into rat whisker muscles. Experiments excluded passive spread of the toxin and demonstrated axonal migration and neuronal transcytosis of BoNT/A. These findings reveal a novel pathway of BoNT/A trafficking in neurons and have important implications for the clinical uses of this neurotoxin.

Indexed as

Action PotentialsAnimalsBotulinum Toxins, Type ADose-Response Relationship, DrugFunctional LateralityLimbic SystemMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNerve Tissue ProteinsNeural PathwaysNeuronsNeurotoxinsProtein TransportRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25Botulinum Toxins, Type ANerve Tissue ProteinsNeurotoxinsSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25

Identifiers

PMID18385327
PMCPMC6671090
OpenAlexW2066248618

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.