ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Identification and characterization of a repeat-in-toxin gene cluster in Vibrio anguillarum.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxin Secretion Systems Used by Marine Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review.Journal of fish diseases · 2026Review
- Proteomic Analysis of the Fish PathogenAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Characterization of the ferric uptake regulatorApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Characterization of theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Perturbation of Quorum Sensing after the Acquisition of Bacteriophage Resistance Could Contribute to Novel Traits inMicroorganisms · 2023Article
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- Secretion Systems in Gram-Negative Bacterial Fish Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Spatiotemporal Regulation ofToxins · 2020Review
- The Expression of Virulence Factors inFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
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- The Siderophore Piscibactin Is a Relevant Virulence Factor forFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in Vibrio anguillarum results in virulence attenuation and immunoprotection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Subunit vaccine candidates against Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.PloS one · 2017Article
- Iron Acquisition Strategies ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Exoproteome Analysis of the Seaweed PathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- MARTX toxins as effector delivery platforms.Pathogens and disease · 2015Review
- Larva of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, is a suitable alternative host for studying virulence of fish pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum.BMC microbiology · 2015Article
- Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) Toxins of Vibrios.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Review
- Article
- Genomic diversification in strains of Rickettsia felis Isolated from different arthropods.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is the causative agent of vibriosis in fish. Hemolysins of V. anguillarum have been considered virulence factors during infection. One hemolysin gene, vah1, has been previously identified but does not account for all hemolytic activity. The mini-Tn10Km mutagenesis performed with a vah1 mutant resulted in a hemolysin-negative mutant. The region surrounding the mutation was cloned and sequenced, revealing a putative rtx operon with six genes (rtxACHBDE), where rtxA encodes an exotoxin, rtxC encodes an RtxA activator, rtxH encodes a conserved hypothetical protein, and rtxBDE encode the ABC transporters. Single mutations in rtx genes did not result in a hemolysin-negative phenotype. However, strains containing a mutation in vah1 and a mutation in an rtx gene resulted in a hemolysin-negative mutant, demonstrating that the rtx operon is a second hemolysin gene cluster in V. anguillarum M93Sm. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the rtxC and rtxA genes are cotranscribed, as are the rtxBDE genes. Additionally, Vah1 and RtxA each have cytotoxic activity against Atlantic salmon kidney (ASK) cells. Single mutations in vah1 or rtxA attenuate the cytotoxicity of V. anguillarum M93Sm. A vah1 rtxA double mutant is no longer cytotoxic. Moreover, Vah1 and RtxA each have a distinct cytotoxic effect on ASK cells, Vah1 causes cell vacuolation, and RtxA causes cell rounding. Finally, wild-type and mutant strains were tested for virulence in juvenile Atlantic salmon. Only strains containing an rtxA mutation had reduced virulence, suggesting that RtxA is a major virulence factor for V. anguillarum.
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