ReviewAnnual review of immunology2008
Mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination.
Review in Annual review of immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 604 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
604 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,083 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- B cell-intrinsic Ssu72 phosphatase is a key regulator of allergic asthma.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Immunoglobulin a Deficiency in Coeliac Disease: A Scoping Review.United European gastroenterology journal · 2026Article
- Beyond the Classical View: Early Emergence of Class Switch Recombination-Associated Molecular Features During B-Cell Development in the Bone Marrow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A tonsil organoid model reveals Epstein-Barr virus-infected germinal center B cell states during primary infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Myasthenia thymus reprograms class-switched B cells into BAFF-dependent survivors.Science advances · 2026Article
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Uncovering ectopic GC-like niches for tumor reactive lymphocyte priming in lung adenocarcinoma using Stereo-XCR-seq.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Ratio of Immunogenicity: A quantitative metric to identify highly immunogenic protein antigens to improve tissue-engineered biomaterials.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Non-Cytopathic Mammalian Orthoreovirus Infection Triggers Innate Immune Responses in Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implications for Cell Therapy Quality Control.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Neutrophils induce effective antibody responses to the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by inhibiting T regulatory cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- LRBA regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics through NMIIA during B cell immune responses.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- A temporal map of B cell diversification mechanisms in mice.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- AhR as a Common Denominator in Immunity and Inflammation in Chronic Lung Diseases: Molecular and Clinical Insights.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CFP1 promotes B cell class switch recombination through the regulation of S region germline transcription and proliferation.iScience · 2026Article
- Microchromosome maintenance protein 2 is essential in immune infiltration-correlated prognosis of multiple myeloma patients by regulating cell cycle.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- RAD: A Read-structure Agnostic Demultiplexer for Single-Cell Long-Read Sequencing and Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Stage-Dependent Transcriptional Reprogramming of B-Cell Receptor Signaling and Antigen Presentation During Bovine Leukemia Virus-Driven Lymphomagenesis.Animal genetics · 2026Article
544 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antibody class switching occurs in mature B cells in response to antigen stimulation and costimulatory signals. It occurs by a unique type of intrachromosomal deletional recombination within special G-rich tandem repeated DNA sequences [called switch, or S, regions located upstream of each of the heavy chain constant (C(H)) region genes, except Cdelta]. The recombination is initiated by the B cell-specific activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which deaminates cytosines in both the donor and acceptor S regions. AID activity converts several dC bases to dU bases in each S region, and the dU bases are then excised by the uracil DNA glycosylase UNG; the resulting abasic sites are nicked by apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE). AID attacks both strands of transcriptionally active S regions, but how transcription promotes AID targeting is not entirely clear. Mismatch repair proteins are then involved in converting the resulting single-strand DNA breaks to double-strand breaks with DNA ends appropriate for end-joining recombination. Proteins required for the subsequent S-S recombination include DNA-PK, ATM, Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1, gammaH2AX, 53BP1, Mdc1, and XRCC4-ligase IV. These proteins are important for faithful joining of S regions, and in their absence aberrant recombination and chromosomal translocations involving S regions occur.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.