ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
The lack of anti-idiotypic antibodies, not the presence of the corresponding autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase, defines type 1 diabetes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of the idiotype:antiidiotype antibody ratio with the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for the prevention of recurrent autoimmune-associated congenital heart block.Arthritis and rheumatism · 2011Trial
- Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies in Immune Regulation and Disease: Therapeutic Promise for Next-Generation Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- GAD65Abs Are Not Associated With Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Patients With T2D in the GRADE Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024 · on this mapArticle
- Maternal provisions in type 1 diabetes: Evidence for both protective & pathogenic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Restriction of the Global IgM Repertoire in Antiphospholipid Syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunogenic properties of immunoglobulin superfamily members within complex biological networks.Cellular immunology · 2020Review
- Immunomodulatory potential of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Future science OA · 2020Review
- Anti-Idiotypic Agonistic Antibodies: Candidates for the Role of Universal Remedy.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Serum C-peptide and osteocalcin levels in children with recently diagnosed diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2020Article
- Immune Response Regulation by Antigen Receptors' Clone-Specific Nonself Parts.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- The elusive role of B lymphocytes and islet autoantibodies in (human) type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2017Article
- DPD epitope-specific glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65 autoantibodies in children with Type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2017Article
- B-CD8Journal of immunology research · 2017Article
- Optimized purification strategies for the elimination of non-specific products in the isolation of GAD65-specific monoclonal autoantibodies.F1000Research · 2015Article
- Serum adiposity-induced biomarkers in obese and lean children with recently diagnosed autoimmune type 1 diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2014Article
- Distinct clinical and laboratory characteristics of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in relation to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.World journal of diabetes · 2014Review
- Masked and overt autoantibodies specific to the DPD epitope of 65-kDa glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65-DPD) are associated with preserved β-cell functional reserve in ketosis-prone diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Article
- Association of TCF7L2 variation with single islet autoantibody expression in children with type 1 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2014Article
- Rapid and reversible responses to IVIG in autoimmune neuromuscular diseases suggest mechanisms of action involving competition with functionally important autoantibodies.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Ab) are commonly believed to be a major characteristic for type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the presence of GAD65Ab in healthy individuals (n = 238) and first-degree relatives (FDRs) of T1D patients (n = 27) who tested negative for GAD65Ab in conventional RIAs. Sera were applied to affinity columns coated with GAD65-specific mAbs to absorb anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids). The absorbed sera were analyzed for binding to GAD65 by RIAs. Both healthy individuals and FDRs present GAD65Ab that are inhibited by anti-Id, masking them in conventional detection methods. The presence of GAD65Ab-specific anti-Ids was confirmed by competitive ELISA. Remarkably, T1D patients (n = 54) and Stiff Person Syndrome patients (n = 8) show a specific lack of anti-Ids to disease-associated GAD65Ab epitopes. Purified anti-Ids from healthy individuals and FDRs inhibited the binding of GAD65Ab from T1D patients to GAD65. We conclude that masked GAD65Ab are present in the healthy population and that a lack of particular anti-Ids, rather than GAD65Ab per se, is a characteristic of T1D. The lack of these inhibitory antibodies may contribute to T cell activation by GAD65Ab.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.