ArticleBritish journal of cancer2008
Effects of tobacco smoking on cancer and cardiovascular disease in urban black South Africans.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Progress of Tobacco Control Research in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Past 50 Years: A Systematic Review of the Design and Methods of the Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Ovarian cancer and smoking: individual participant meta-analysis including 28,114 women with ovarian cancer from 51 epidemiological studies.The Lancet. Oncology · 2012Pooled it
- Water-Energy-Food Security and Health in South Africa: A Scoping Review.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Skin cancer risk factors among Black South Africans-The Johannesburg Cancer Study, 1995-2016.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- Patterns and outcomes of admissions to the medical acute care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital in South Africa.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2021Article
- Ranking lifestyle risk factors for cervical cancer among Black women: A case-control study from Johannesburg, South Africa.PloS one · 2021Article
- Stroke in HIV.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2019Review
- Tobacco Smoking and Tuberculosis among Men Living with HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa: A Case-Control Study.PloS one · 2016Article
- Cardiovascular disease risk amongst African black patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the need for population specific stratification.BioMed research international · 2014Review
- Obesity in relation to lung cancer incidence in African American women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2013Article
- Injectable and oral contraceptive use and cancers of the breast, cervix, ovary, and endometrium in black South African women: case-control study.PLoS medicine · 2012Article
- The relationship between basal and squamous cell skin cancer and smoking related cancers.BMC research notes · 2011Article
- Smoking patterns in Ghanaian civil servants: changes over three decades.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2009Article
- Modifiable Risk factors of Hypertension and Socio-demographic Profile in Oghara, Delta State; Prevalence and Correlates.Annals of medical and health sciences researchArticle
- Smoking and vascular dysfunction in Africans and Caucasians from South Africa.Cardiovascular journal of AfricaArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Demographic and lifestyle information from 9690 black patients diagnosed with cancer or cardiovascular disease was collected in an ongoing case-control study in Johannesburg, South Africa. Compared to never smokers, the odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer among current smokers was 16.3 (95% confidence interval (CI), 9.6-27.6) for men and 6.4 (95% CI, 4.0-10.4) for women. The corresponding OR for other smoking-related cancers was 4.6 (95% CI, 3.7-5.7) among men and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.6-2.2) among women, and for cardiovascular disease, 3.4 (95% CI, 2.1-5.4) among men and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1-2.1) among women. Risks were higher among smokers than former smokers, and all risk estimates increased with increasing levels of smoking duration and intensity. Non-electric domestic fuel was associated with approximately 60% increase in the risk of smoking-related cancer, but not cardiovascular disease. Risks for cancers of cervix, oesophagus, oral cavity/pharynx, stomach, larynx, pancreas and anogenital region, as well as squamous cell carcinoma of skin were all significantly higher among current than never-smokers, with ORs ranging from 1.5 for cervix (95% CI, 1.2-1.8) to 14.7 for larynx (95% CI, 7.2-30). The risks of tobacco-related disease reported here are similar to that currently observed in Western countries, even though cigarette consumption is relatively low in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.