Trial reportMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2008
Phase I clinical trial of autologous ascites-derived exosomes combined with GM-CSF for colorectal cancer.
Trial report in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 430 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
430 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 776 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials assessing safety and efficacy of human extracellular vesicle-based therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Pooled it
- Research trends and hotspots in prostate cancer associated exosome: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction: a Systematic Review of Preclinical In Vivo Studies.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanotherapeutics: An emerging paradigm for regenerative medicine.Theranostics · 2022Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Exosomes in cancer drug resistance: dual roles in therapy failure and emerging precision therapeutics.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Nanoparticle Delivery Vectors in Cancer Therapy.Nano letters · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Pomalidomide significantly enhances the antitumor immune efficacy of dendritic cell-derived exosomes from multiple myeloma patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Chemotherapeutic Loading and Delivery of Patient-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are Influenced by Colorectal Cancer Disease Stage and Protein Corona.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms governing exosome biogenesis, engineering strategies, and emerging role as cell-free therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial cancer therapy and imaging.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Small extracellular vesicle signaling and mitochondrial transfer reprogram T helper cell function in human asthma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Ophthalmology: From Natural Nanocarriers to Engineered Therapeutics.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exosomal nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Exosomes as Emerging Nanocarriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The evolution of vaccine strategies for colorectal cancer: from conventional approaches to the mRNA era.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
370 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are secreted by a multitude of cell types. The exosomes derived from dendritic cells (Dex), tumor cells (Tex), and malignant effusions demonstrate immunomodulatory functions, and are even under clinical trial for cancer treatments. In this study we report the phase I clinical trial of the ascites-derived exosomes (Aex) in combination with the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). The Aex isolated by sucrose/D(2)O density gradient ultracentrifugation are 60-90-nm vesicles that contain the diverse immunomodulatory markers of exosomes and tumor-associated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Totally 40 patients (HLA-A0201(+)CEA(+)) with advanced CRC were enrolled in the study, and randomly assigned to treatments with Aex alone or Aex plus GM-CSF. Patients in both groups received a total of four subcutaneous immunizations at weekly intervals. We found that both therapies were safe and well tolerated, and that Aex plus GM-CSF but not Aex alone can induce beneficial tumor-specific antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Therefore, our study suggests that the immunotherapy of CRC with Aex in combination with GM-CSF is feasible and safe, and thus can serve as an alternative choice in the immunotherapy of advanced CRC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.