ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Dissection of mechanisms of Chinese medicinal formula Realgar-Indigo naturalis as an effective treatment for promyelocytic leukemia.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02200978 (A Multicenter and Randomized Prospective Study for Improving the Outcome of Childhood Acute Promyeloid Leukemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 286 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicenter and Randomized Prospective Study for Improving the Outcome of Childhood Acute Promyeloid Leukemia
Who cites it
286 citing papers in PubMed, 731 citations in OpenAlex.
- Arsenic trioxideHaematologica · 2025Trial
- Long-term outcome of children with acute promyelocytic leukemia: a randomized study of oral versus intravenous arsenic by SCCLG-APL group.Blood cancer journal · 2023Trial
- The comparison of plasma arsenic concentration and urinary arsenic excretion during treatment with Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula and arsenic trioxide in children with acute promyelocytic leukemia.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Multicenter randomized trial of arsenic trioxide and Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula in pediatric patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia: Interim results of the SCCLG-APL clinical study.American journal of hematology · 2018Trial
- Renaissance of Traditional Mineral Drugs in Cancer: Advanced Delivery Strategies and Bioengineering Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Multicomponent Interactive Release (MIR) Model for Herbal Extract/Multidrug-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers: A Mechanistic Framework Integrating Diffusion, Swelling, and Erosion.The AAPS journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Compatibility in Chinese Medicine for Cancer Treatment and Drug Development: From Traditional Wisdom to Innovative Therapeutics.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Article
- Rethinking anti-cancer drug discovery: the evolution from polypharmacy to unified drug units.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method: Anti-Inflammatory Activities Against Colonic Cancer Cell Lines.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- The mechanism of electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation and current research status of natural drugs and active ingredients inhibiting atrial electrical remodeling.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- AS1411-functionalized albumin nanoparticles for nucleolin-targeted realgar delivery and therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Synthetic progress and anti-leukemic research on indirubin analogues: a review since 2010.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Arsenic Sulfide Induces Apoptosis in Myelodysplastic Neoplasm Cells Through the Suppression of ABI2.Biological procedures online · 2025Article
- Capilliposide A attenuates diabetic nephropathy via modulation of NF-κB/TLR4 and apoptotic pathways.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A multicenter single-arm clinical study of Chinese children's cancer group-acute promyelocytic leukemia-2017 (CCCG-APL-2017) protocol.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Nanotechnologies Applied for Chinese Herbal Medicines.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Squama Manitis Extract Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Through Energy and DNA Disruption Mechanisms.Biology · 2025Article
- Dietary Qiwenghuangbo powder-enriched Limosilactobacillus reuteri protects the intestinal epithelium and alleviates inflammation via a strain-specific mechanism.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- [The cure for acute promyelocytic leukemia and China's contributions].Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi · 2025Review
- Honokiol-Magnolol-Baicalin Possesses Synergistic Anticancer Potential and Enhances the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer by Triggering GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
226 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects, practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescribe a combination of plant species/minerals, called formulae, based on clinical experience. Nearly 100,000 formulae have been recorded, but the working mechanisms of most remain unknown. In trying to address the possible beneficial effects of formulae with current biomedical approaches, we use Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula (RIF), which has been proven to be very effective in treating human acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) as a model. The main components of RIF are realgar, Indigo naturalis, and Salvia miltiorrhiza, with tetraarsenic tetrasulfide (A), indirubin (I), and tanshinone IIA (T) as major active ingredients, respectively. Here, we report that the ATI combination yields synergy in the treatment of a murine APL model in vivo and in the induction of APL cell differentiation in vitro. ATI causes intensified ubiquitination/degradation of promyelocytic leukemia (PML)-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) oncoprotein, stronger reprogramming of myeloid differentiation regulators, and enhanced G(1)/G(0) arrest in APL cells through hitting multiple targets compared with the effects of mono- or biagents. Furthermore, ATI intensifies the expression of Aquaglyceroporin 9 and facilitates the transportation of A into APL cells, which in turn enhances A-mediated PML-RARalpha degradation and therapeutic efficacy. Our data also indicate A as the principal component of the formula, whereas T and I serve as adjuvant ingredients. We therefore suggest that dissecting the mode of action of clinically effective formulae at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels may be a good strategy in exploring the value of traditional medicine.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.