ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2008
Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 320 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravitreal corticosteroid implant vs intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of macular edema: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the effect of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant versus intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular edema.BMC ophthalmology · 2018Pooled it
- Aqueous humour interleukin-6 and vision outcomes with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.Eye (London, England) · 2024Trial
- Changes in aqueous concentrations of various cytokines after intravitreal bevacizumab and subtenon triamcinolone injection for diabetic macular edema.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2018Trial
- Anatomical effects of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in diabetic macular oedema: a pooled analysis of 3-year phase III trials.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2016Trial
- A retrospective, pooled data analysis of the safety of pegaptanib sodium in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration in subjects with or without diabetes mellitus.BMC ophthalmology · 2012Trial
- Safety, tolerability, and bioavailability of topical SAR 1118, a novel antagonist of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1: a phase 1b study.Eye (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Oral minocycline for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME): results of a phase I/II clinical study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2012Trial
- Infliximab for diabetic macular edema refractory to laser photocoagulation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, 32-week study.Diabetes care · 2010Trial
- Exploratory analysis of diabetic retinopathy progression through 3 years in a randomized clinical trial that compares intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide with focal/grid photocoagulation.Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2009Trial
- Advances in the Role of the CD40-CD154 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Theophylline Inhibits Capillary Degeneration in Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- INflammatory MediatorS in the PathophysIology of Diabetic REtinopathy Study: Baseline Analysis of 24 Aqueous Cytokines.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Macrophage-Like Cell Density and Distribution in Relation to Vascular Leakage in Diabetes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- The role of interleukin-6 in diabetic retinal disease: pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Analysis of Aqueous Interleukin-6 in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Prospective, Controlled Trial of 328 Eyes.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2026Article
- Shifting of the local inflammatory characteristics of diabetic macular edema manifested in SD-OCT after anti-VEGF treatment and associations with system inflammatory bioparameters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ets2 Exacerbates Diabetic Retinopathy by Aggravating the Proliferation of Endothelial Cells and Inflammatory Response.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonism Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in Experimental Models of Relevance to Diabetic Retinopathy.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Use of a multifocal electroretinogram to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a single intravitreal dexamethasone implant, OzurdexInternational journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is an accumulating body of evidence that immunological mechanisms play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is characterized by many features typical of inflammation. The upregulation of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators leading to persistent low-grade inflammation and an influx of leukocytes, is believed to contribute actively to DR-associated damage to the retinal vasculature and retinal neovascularization. This review will describe preclinical and clinical studies that document an inflammatory basis for DR and that support the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in its treatment. In addition, emerging therapeutic approaches based on ongoing investigations will be discussed, including those involving blockade of angiotensin receptors and other molecular targets such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.