ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War illnesses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pesticide exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Neurotoxicology · 2012Pooled it
- Connectivity differences between Gulf War Illness (GWI) phenotypes during a test of attention.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Carnosine treatment for gulf war illness: a randomized controlled trial.Global journal of health science · 2013Trial
- Perfusion deficit to cholinergic challenge in veterans with Gulf War Illness.Neurotoxicology · 2011Trial
- A biomechanical model of inflammation-driven colon hypertrophy and dysmotility: Application to Gulf War Illness.Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Neurometabolite alterations in Gulf War Illness: a whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.Experimental brain research · 2025Observational
- SOD2 genetics regulating mitochondrial management of oxidative stress is tied to chemical sensitivity in Gulf war veterans.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The mediating roles of obesity indicators and serum albumin in the association of DEET exposure with depression and sleep disorders in adults: evidence from NHANES 2007-2016.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Comprehensive examination of resting state fMRI connectomics yields new insights into brain function deficits in Gulf War illness after accounting for heterogeneity in brain impairment across the ill veteran population.Neuroimage. Reports · 2024Article
- FDA-approved cannabidiol [EpidiolexMilitary Medical Research · 2024Article
- Gulf war illness: a tale of two genomes.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Gulf War Illness Is Associated with Host Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Is Linked to Altered Species Abundance in Veterans from the BBRAIN Cohort.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- PON1 Status in Relation to Gulf War Illness: Evidence of Gene-Exposure Interactions from a Multisite Case-Control Study of 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Crisis in the gut: navigating gastrointestinal challenges in Gulf War Illness with bioengineering.Military Medical Research · 2024Review
- Bioenergetic impairment in Gulf War illness assessed viaScientific reports · 2024Article
- Exposing the latent phenotype of Gulf War Illness: examination of the mechanistic mediators of cognitive dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cognitive decrements in 1991 Gulf War veterans: associations with Gulf War illness and neurotoxicant exposures in the Boston Biorepository, Recruitment, and Integrative Network (BBRAIN) cohorts.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Delayed cognitive impairments in a rat model of Gulf War Illness are stimulus-dependent.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests excess illness in Persian Gulf War veterans (GWV) can be explained in part by exposure of GWV to organophosphate and carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis), including pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides, and nerve agents. Evidence germane to the relation of AChEis to illness in GWV was assessed. Many epidemiological studies reported a link between AChEi exposure and chronic symptoms in GWV. The link is buttressed by a dose-response relation of PB pill number to chronic symptoms in GWV and by a relation between avidity of AChEi clearance and illness, based on genotypes, concentrations, and activity levels of enzymes that detoxify AChEis. Triangulating evidence derives from studies linking occupational exposure to AChEis to chronic health symptoms that mirror those of ill GWV. Illness is again linked to lower activity of AChEi detoxifying enzymes and genotypes conferring less-avid AChEi detoxification. AChEi exposure satisfies Hill's presumptive criteria for causality, suggesting this exposure may be causally linked to excess health problems in GWV.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.