Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18332408›Full record

Trial reportAnnals of family medicine

Data collection outcomes comparing paper forms with PDA forms in an office-based patient survey.

James M Galliher, Thomas V Stewart, Paramod K Pathak, James J Werner, L Miriam Dickinson, John M Hickner

Abstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Health information technologies in geriatrics and gerontology: a mixed systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

James M GalliherAAFP National Research Network, American Academy of Family Physicians, 11400 Tomahawk Creek Pkwy, Leawood, KS 66211, USA. jgallihe@aafp.org
Thomas V Stewart
Paramod K Pathak
James J Werner
L Miriam Dickinson
John M Hickner

Funding

National Network for FP/Primary Care Research Continuat*U01HS011182 · AHRQ · AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS · PI HICKNER, JOHN M · 2001 to 2001
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AHRQ HHS 2 U01 HS011182 02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe compared the completeness of data collection using paper forms and using electronic forms loaded on handheld computers in an office-based patient interview survey conducted within the American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network.

methodsWe asked 19 medical assistants and nurses in family practices to administer a survey about pneumococcal immunizations to 60 older adults each, 30 using paper forms and 30 using electronic forms on handheld computers. By random assignment, the interviewers used either the paper or electronic form first. Using multilevel analyses adjusted for patient characteristics and clustering of forms by practice, we analyzed the completeness of the data.

resultsA total of 1,003 of the expected 1,140 forms were returned to the data center. The overall return rate was better for paper forms (537 of 570, 94%) than for electronic forms (466 of 570, 82%) because of technical difficulties experienced with electronic data collection and stolen or lost handheld computers. Errors of omission on the returned forms, however, were more common using paper forms. Of the returned forms, only 3% of those gathered electronically had errors of omission, compared with 35% of those gathered on paper. Similarly, only 0.04% of total survey items were missing on the electronic forms, compared with 3.5% of the survey items using paper forms.

conclusionsAlthough handheld computers produced more complete data than the paper method for the returned forms, they were not superior because of the large amount of missing data due to technical difficulties with the hand-held computers or loss or theft. Other hardware solutions, such as tablet computers or cell phones linked via a wireless network directly to a Web site, may be better electronic solutions for the future.

Indexed as

Computers, HandheldAgedData CollectionFamily PracticeForms and Records ControlHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth SurveysHumansPaperPneumococcal VaccinesPneumococcal Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID18332408
PMCPMC2267414

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.