ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2007
The immune response is involved in atherosclerotic plaque calcification: could the RANKL/RANK/OPG system be a marker of plaque instability?
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Osteoprotegerin as an Emerging Biomarker of Carotid Artery Stenosis? A Scoping Review with Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Estrogen Receptor Subtypes Elicit a Distinct Gene Expression Profile of Endothelial-Derived Factors Implicated in Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Frailty in Aging and the Search for the Optimal Biomarker: A Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Association between Serum Osteoprotegerin Levels and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of the Osteogenic Switch of Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Calcification: WNT Signaling, BMPs, Mechanotransduction, and EndMT.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Factors as Markers of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis.Cardiology research and practice · 2020Article
- Comparison of RANKL expression, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology international · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of oxidative stress are associated with frailty: the Framingham Offspring Study.Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2016Observational
- Unique Distal Enhancers Linked to the Mouse Tnfsf11 Gene Direct Tissue-Specific and Inflammation-Induced Expression of RANKL.Endocrinology · 2016Article
- Distribution of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, RANK ligand and osteoprotegerin in calcified human carotid atheroma.The protein journal · 2015Article
- Review
- Biochemical markers of vascular calcification in elderly hemodialysis patients.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2013Article
- Establishment of OPG Transgenic Mice and the Effect of OPG on Bone Microarchitecture.International journal of endocrinology · 2013Article
- Early Atherosclerosis in HIV Infected Subjects on Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment: Role of Osteoprotegerin.ISRN AIDS · 2013Article
- Transglutaminase inhibitors attenuate vascular calcification in a preclinical model.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2013Article
- Interaction between the skeletal and immune systems in cancer: mechanisms and clinical implications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2011Review
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of chondroitin sulphate.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2009Review
- Future of anticathepsin K drugs: dual therapy for skeletal disease and atherosclerosis?Future medicinal chemistry · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherogenesis is characterized by an intense inflammatory process, involving immune and vascular cells. These cells play a crucial role in all phases of atherosclerotic plaque formation and complication through cytokine, protease, and prothrombotic factor secretion. The accumulation of inflammatory cells and thus high amounts of soluble mediators are responsible for the evolution of some plaques to instable phenotype which may lead to rupture. One condition strongly associated with plaque rupture is calcification, a physiopathological process orchestrated by several soluble factors, including the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)kappaB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)kappaB (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Although some studies showed some interesting correlations with acute ischemic events, at present, more evidences are needed to evaluate the predictive and diagnostic value of serum sRANKL and OPG levels for clinical use. The major limitation is probably the poor specificity of these factors for cardiovascular disease. The identification of tissue-specific isoforms could increase the importance of sRANKL and OPG in predicting calcified plaque rupture and the dramatic ischemic consequences in the brain and the heart.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.