ArticleMaternal and child health journal2009
Alcohol consumption by women before and during pregnancy.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 375 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Effective Behavior Change Techniques for Alcohol and Illicit Substance Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Predictors of drinking during pregnancy: a systematic review.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2011Pooled it
- Effect of Depression on Risky Drinking and Response to a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Intervention.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Environments For Healthy Living (EFHL) Griffith birth cohort study: characteristics of sample and profile of antenatal exposures.BMC public health · 2012Trial
- Randomized Trial of an Innovative Electronic Screening and Brief Intervention for Reducing Drinking Among Women of Childbearing Age.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Characterization of breeding success and litter characteristics in the New Mexico Alcohol Research Center moderate drinking paradigm.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy Among Women Aged 18-49 Years - United States, 2021-2024.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2026Article
- Perinatal Health Promotion in Indigenous Maternal Health: A Scoping Review of Peer-Reviewed Evidence and Australian Community-Controlled Programs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Age- and sex- dependent effects of moderate gestational day 12 prenatal alcohol exposure on anxiety-like behaviors, ethanol intake, and mechanical sensitivity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Alcohol and drug use and attainment of pregnancy preferences in the southwestern United States: A longitudinal cohort study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Environmental, Health, and Psychological Factors Predict Alcohol Sipping in Childhood: A Machine Learning Analysis of the ABCD Study.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Interactions between the bone morphogenetic protein and the planar cell polarity pathways lead to distinctive ethanol-induced facial defects.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Alcohol consumption and associated factors among pregnant women at public health centers in Asella town, southeastern Ethiopia: a multicenter mixed-method cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Alcohol use during pregnancy: the impact of social determinants of health on alcohol consumption among pregnant women.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Using umbilical cord tissue to identify prenatal ethanol exposure and co-exposure to other commonly misused substances.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Nonuse of Contraception at Conception Due to Partner Objection and Pregnancy-Related Health Care Utilization, Postpartum Health, and Infant Birth Outcomes.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2025Article
- Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway sensitize zebrafish and humans to ethanol-induced jaw malformations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Article
- Adaptation of a couples intervention to promote coparenting and reduce hazardous drinking during transition to parenthood.Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare · 2025Article
- Connectivity of the neuronal network for contextual fear memory is disrupted in a mouse model of third-trimester binge-like ethanol exposure.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of alcohol consumption prior to and during various intervals of pregnancy in the U.S.
methodsAlcohol-related, pregnancy-related, and demographic data were derived from computer-assisted telephone interviews with 4,088 randomly selected control mothers from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who delivered live born infants without birth defects during 1997-2002. Alcohol consumption rates and crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated.
results30.3% of all women reported drinking alcohol at some time during pregnancy, of which 8.3% reported binge drinking (4+ drinks on one occasion). Drinking rates declined considerably after the first month of pregnancy, during which 22.5% of women reported drinking, although 2.7% of women reported drinking during all trimesters of pregnancy and 7.9% reported drinking during the 3rd trimester. Pre-pregnancy binge drinking was a strong predictor of both drinking during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 8.52, 95% CI = 6.67-10.88) and binge drinking during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 36.02, 95% CI = 24.63-52.69). Other characteristics associated with both any drinking and binge drinking during pregnancy were non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, cigarette smoking during pregnancy, and having an unintended pregnancy.
conclusionsOur study revealed that drinking during pregnancy is fairly common, three times the levels reported in surveys that ask only about drinking during the month before the survey. Women who binge drink before pregnancy are at particular risk for drinking after becoming pregnant. Sexually active women of childbearing ages who drink alcohol should be advised to use reliable methods to prevent pregnancy, plan their pregnancies, and stop drinking before becoming pregnant.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.