ArticleActa neuropathologica2008
Cellular distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and B (VEGFB) and VEGF receptors 1 and 2 in focal cortical dysplasia type IIB.
Article in Acta neuropathologica, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01663545 (Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Neuroinflammation in Focal Epilepsy), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Positron Emission Tomography Measurement of Neuroinflammation in Focal Epilepsy
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Signature in Focal Cortical Dysplasia: A Systematic Review of RNA and Protein Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pathogenetic mechanisms of focal cortical dysplasia.Epilepsia · 2014Pooled it
- CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis dysregulation contributes to epileptogenic mechanisms in focal cortical dysplasia.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Integrated Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies CD84-Associated Microglial Alterations in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epilepsy: Mechanisms and Consequences.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Beyond mTOR: Unraveling the Complex Pathophysiology and Signaling Pathways in Focal Cortical Dysplasia.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- GLUT1 and Cerebral Glucose Hypometabolism in Human Focal Cortical Dysplasia Is Associated with Hypermethylation of Key Glucose Regulatory Genes.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Beyond vessels: unraveling the impact of VEGFs on neuronal functions and structure.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Focal cortical dysplasia type II: review of neuropathological manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms.Acta epileptologica · 2025Review
- Mapping the cellular expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor aa and bb genes and their receptors in the adult zebrafish brain during constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis.Neural development · 2024Article
- Balloon cells in malformations of cortical development: friends or foes?Acta epileptologica · 2024Review
- Vascular endothelial growth factor-C modulates cortical NMDA receptor activity in cortical lesions of young patients and rat model with focal cortical dysplasia.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- How VEGF-A and its splice variants affect breast cancer development - clinical implications.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Review
- Astrocyte Gliotransmission in the Regulation of Systemic Metabolism.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Disabling VEGF-Response of Purkinje Cells by Downregulation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Chronic elevation of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is associated with a history of blast exposure.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Article
- New Aspects of VEGF, GABA, and Glutamate Signaling in the Neocortex of Human Temporal Lobe Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy Revealed by RT-qPCR Arrays.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2020Article
- Expression and Functional Relevance of Death-Associated Protein Kinase in Human Drug-Resistant Epileptic Brain: Focusing on the Neurovascular Interface.Molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Hypervascularization in mTOR-dependent focal and global cortical malformations displays differential rapamycin sensitivity.Epilepsia · 2019Article
- Chronic stress induced disruption of the peri-infarct neurovascular unit following experimentally induced photothrombotic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family are key signaling proteins in the induction and regulation of angiogenesis, both during development and in pathological conditions. However, signaling mediated through VEGF family proteins and their receptors has recently been shown to have direct effects on neurons and glial cells. In the present study, we immunocytochemically investigated the expression and cellular distribution of VEGFA, VEGFB, and their associated receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIB from patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Histologically normal temporal cortex and perilesional regions displayed neuronal immunoreactivity (IR) for VEGFA, VEGFB, and VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2), mainly in pyramidal neurons. Weak IR was observed in blood vessels and there was no notable glial IR within the grey and white matter. In all FCD specimens, VEGFA, VEGFB, and both VEGF receptors were highly expressed in dysplastic neurons. IR in astroglial and balloon cells was observed for VEGFA and its receptors. VEGFR-1 displayed strong endothelial staining in FCD. Double-labeling also showed expression of VEGFA, VEGFB and VEGFR-1 in cells of the microglia/macrophage lineage. The neuronal expression of both VEGFA and VEGFB, together with their specific receptors in FCD, suggests autocrine/paracrine effects on dysplastic neurons. These autocrine/paracrine effects could play a role in the development of FCD, preventing the death of abnormal neuronal cells. In addition, the expression of VEGFA and its receptors in glial cells within the dysplastic cortex indicates that VEGF-mediated signaling could contribute to astroglial activation and associated inflammatory reactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.