ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2008
The treatment of pulmonary diseases and respiratory-related conditions with inhaled (nebulized or aerosolized) glutathione.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2011Trial
- Identification of CD8 T-cell dysfunction associated with symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long COVID and treatment with a nebulized antioxidant/anti-pathogen agent in a retrospective case series.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- An Update on Glutathione's Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Functions, and Medicinal Purposes.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Protective effects of inhaled antioxidants against air pollution-induced pathological responses.Respiratory research · 2023Review
- Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Nebulization of glutathione and N-Acetylcysteine as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 onset.Advances in redox research · 2021Review
- Role of pirfenidone in TGF-β pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection: a theoretical perspective.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2021Review
- Glutathione ethyl ester supplementation prevents airway hyper-responsiveness in mice.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Healing effects of a protein scaffold loaded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced vaginal injury in rats.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- The Beneficial Effects of Antioxidants in Health And Diseases.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2020Review
- Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Vitamin C in Cancer: A Metabolomics Perspective.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- Connecting glutathione with immune responses to occupational methylene diphenyl diisocyanate exposure.Chemico-biological interactions · 2013Article
- Safety survey of intranasal glutathione.Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
- A review of the mechanism of injury and treatment approaches for illness resulting from exposure to water-damaged buildings, mold, and mycotoxins.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2013Review
- Inhibiting Glutathione Metabolism in Lung Lining Fluid as a Strategy to Augment Antioxidant Defense.Current enzyme inhibition · 2011Article
- An Angiotensin I converting enzyme polymorphism is associated with clinical phenotype when using differentiation-syndrome to categorize korean bronchial asthma patients.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2011Article
- Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases.Biological chemistry · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reduced glutathione or simply glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine; GSH) is found in the cytosol of most cells of the body. GSH in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract is thought to be the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Inhalation (nebulized or aerosolized) is the only known method that increases GSH's levels in the ELF. A review of the literature was conducted to examine the clinical effectiveness of inhaled GSH as a treatment for various pulmonary diseases and respiratory-related conditions. This report also discusses clinical and theoretical indications for GSH inhalation, potential concerns with this treatment, its presumed mechanisms of action, optimal doses to be administered and other important details. Reasons for inhaled GSH's effectiveness include its role as a potent antioxidant, and possibly improved oxygenation and host defenses. Theoretical uses of this treatment include Farmer's lung, pre- and postexercise, multiple chemical sensitivity disorder and cigarette smoking. GSH inhalation should not be used as a treatment for primary lung cancer. Testing for sulfites in the urine is recommended prior to GSH inhalation. Minor side effects such as transient coughing and an unpleasant odor are common with this treatment. Major side effects such as bronchoconstriction have only occurred among asthma patients presumed to be sulfite-sensitive. The potential applications of inhaled GSH are numerous when one considers just how many pulmonary diseases and respiratory-related conditions are affected by deficient antioxidant status or an over production of oxidants, poor oxygenation and/or impaired host defenses. More studies are clearly warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.