ArticleThe American journal of pathology2008
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects human arterial smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro: implications for the pathogenesis of HIV-mediated vascular disease.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV heart inflammation is mediated by HIV infected myeloid cells, HIV-tat secretion, and aberrant function of Connexin43-containing channels.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- EcoHIV Infection Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression in LDLR-Deficient Mice.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Article
- PKG1 promotes the HIV-induced proliferation, migration, and fibrosis of vascular smooth muscle cells of hemorrhoids.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Article
- The Intersection of HIV and Pulmonary Vascular Health: From HIV Evolution to Vascular Cell Types to Disease Mechanisms.Journal of vascular diseases · 2024Article
- Association of HIV Infection and Incident Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Among 143 001 Veterans.Circulation · 2023Article
- HIV and Drug Use: A Tale of Synergy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Article
- Association Between Inflammation and Coagulation Biomarkers and Carotid Atherosclerosis Among Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Microorganisms in Atherosclerotic Plaques of Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- Article
- Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Article
- Thrombocytopenia in Virus Infections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Aggressive In-Stent Restenosis after Carotid Artery Stenting in a Patient with HIV Infection.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
- Article
- Bilateral limb gangrene in an HIV patient due to vasculopathy: Managing the dual challenge of psychosocial issues and an uncommon medical condition.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2020Article
- HIV Associated Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- HIV-1 Tat: Role in Bystander Toxicity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Subclinical Atherosclerosis Imaging in People Living with HIV.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus-1 transgenic mouse cardiac myocytes.Journal of cellular physiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Aging, Health, and Quality of Life for Older People Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework.Journal of aging and health · 2019Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and vasculopathy, although the mechanisms underlying these findings have not been determined. Hypotheses for these observations include: 1) an increase in the prevalence of established cardiac risk factors observed in HIV-infected individuals who are currently experiencing longer life expectancies; 2) the dyslipidemia reported with certain HIV anti-retroviral therapies; and/or 3) the proinflammatory effects of infiltrating HIV-infected monocytes/macrophages. An unexplored possibility is whether HIV itself can infect vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and, by doing so, whether SMCs can accelerate vascular disease. Our studies demonstrate that human SMCs can be infected with HIV both in vivo and in vitro. The HIV protein p24 was detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy in SMCs from tissue sections of human atherosclerotic plaques obtained from HIV-infected individuals. Human SMCs could also be infected in vitro with HIV by a mechanism dependent on CD4, the chemokine receptors CXCR4 or CCR5, and endocytosis, resulting in a marked increase in SMC secretion of the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1, which has been previously shown to be a critical mediator of atherosclerosis. In addition, SMC proliferation appeared concentric to the vessel lumen, and minimal inflammation was detected, unlike typical atherosclerosis. Our data suggest that direct infection of human arterial SMCs by HIV represents a potential mechanism in a multifactorial paradigm to explain the exacerbated atherosclerosis and vasculopathy reported in individuals infected with HIV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.