ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2008
Interactions between food-borne pathogens and protozoa isolated from lettuce and spinach.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of flow cytometry assay to quantify packaging of C. jejuni by Tetrahymena species.FEMS microbiology letters · 2025Article
- Tetrahymena predation drives adaptive evolution of Salmonella by disrupting O-antigen biosynthesis and upregulating transcriptional regulator csgD.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Microbiome of Free-Living Amoebae (FLA) Isolated from Fresh Organic Produce: Potential Risk to Consumers?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cappable-Seq Reveals Specific Patterns of Metabolism and Virulence forInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Evidence that Bacteria Packaging byMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Detection of Antimicrobial ResistantFrontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Vibrio cholerae residing in food vacuoles expelled by protozoa are more infectious in vivo.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Experimental Listeria-Tetrahymena-Amoeba food chain functioning depends on bacterial virulence traits.BMC ecology · 2019Article
- Phage-centric ecological interactions in aquatic ecosystems revealed through ultra-deep metagenomics.Microbiome · 2019Article
- Coping with Environmental Eukaryotes; Identification ofMicroorganisms · 2018Article
- Interactions of free-living amoebae with rice bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzae and oryzicola.PloS one · 2018Article
- High Diversity Revealed in Leaf-Associated Protists (Rhizaria: Cercozoa) of Brassicaceae.The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology · 2016Article
- Packaging of Campylobacter jejuni into Multilamellar Bodies by the Ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Protozoan Cysts Act as a Survival Niche and Protective Shelter for Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP32953 survives and replicates in trophozoites and persists in cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii.FEMS microbiology letters · 2015Article
- Interactions between Human Norovirus Surrogates and Acanthamoeba spp.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems.Current environmental health reports · 2015Review
- Survival of Salmonella enterica in aerated and nonaerated wastewaters from dairy lagoons.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Life on the outside: role of biofilms in environmental persistence of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Strain differences in fitness of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to resist protozoan predation and survival in soil.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The survival of Salmonella enterica was recently shown to increase when the bacteria were sequestered in expelled food vacuoles (vesicles) of Tetrahymena. Because fresh produce is increasingly linked to outbreaks of enteric illness, the present investigation aimed to determine the prevalence of protozoa on spinach and lettuce and to examine their interactions with S. enterica, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. Glaucoma sp., Colpoda steinii, and Acanthamoeba palestinensis were cultured from store-bought spinach and lettuce and used in our study. A strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis previously isolated from spinach and a soil-borne Tetrahymena sp. were also used. Washed protozoa were allowed to graze on green fluorescent protein- or red fluorescent protein-labeled enteric pathogens. Significant differences in interactions among the various protist-enteric pathogen combinations were observed. Vesicles were produced by Glaucoma with all of the bacterial strains, although L. monocytogenes resulted in the smallest number per ciliate. Vesicle production was observed also during grazing of Tetrahymena on E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica but not during grazing on L. monocytogenes, in vitro and on leaves. All vesicles contained intact fluorescing bacteria. In contrast, C. steinii and the amoeba did not produce vesicles from any of the enteric pathogens, nor were pathogens trapped within their cysts. Studies of the fate of E. coli O157:H7 in expelled vesicles revealed that by 4 h after addition of spinach extract, the bacteria multiplied and escaped the vesicles. The presence of protozoa on leafy vegetables and their sequestration of enteric bacteria in vesicles indicate that they may play an important role in the ecology of human pathogens on produce.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.