ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2008
Gang exposure and pregnancy incidence among female adolescents in San Francisco: evidence for the need to integrate reproductive health with violence prevention efforts.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations Between Social Determinants of Health and Pregnancy Among Young People: A Systematic Review of Research Published During the Past 25 Years.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Prime time: 18-month violence outcomes of a clinic-linked intervention.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2014Trial
- Yo Puedo--a conditional cash transfer and life skills intervention to promote adolescent sexual health: results of a randomized feasibility study in san francisco.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2014Trial
- Examining pathways by which socioeconomic instability in adolescence influence sexual health during emerging adulthood in an agricultural setting in California.American journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Associations between childbirth, gang exposure and substance use among young women in Cape Town, South Africa.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2024Article
- Sexual health variation among gang-involved youth in Washington state: Social ecological implications for research and practice.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2024Article
- Adolescent birth rates and the urban social environment in 363 Latin American cities.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Article
- The Impact of Residing in a Gang Territory on Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Los Angeles.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2021Article
- Gang membership, gender, and sexual behavior in and outside a romantic relationship.Sociological spectrum : the official journal of the Mid-South Sociological Association · 2021Article
- Gender Attitudes, Sexual Risk, Intimate Partner Violence, and Coercive Sex Among Adolescent Gang Members.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Article
- "Running Trains" and "Sexing-In": The Functions of Sex Within Adolescent Gangs.Youth & society · 2019Article
- Gender Norms and Age-Disparate Sexual Relationships as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Violence, and Risky Sex among Adolescent Gang Members.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2017Article
- The Social Environment and Childbearing Expectations: Implications for Strength-Based Sexual Health Interventions for Latino Youth.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2016Article
- Homies with aspirations and positive peer network ties: associations with reduced frequent substance use among gang-affiliated Latino youth.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2015Article
- Social network recruitment for Yo Puedo: an innovative sexual health intervention in an underserved urban neighborhood—sample and design implications.The journal of primary prevention · 2015Article
- Gang membership and marijuana use among African American female adolescents in North Carolina.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2015Article
- Correlates of gang involvement and health-related factors among African American females with a detention history.Children and youth services review · 2014Article
- Supporting Gang Violence Prevention Efforts: A Public Health Approach for Nurses.Online journal of issues in nursing · 2014Article
- Neighborhood contexts experienced by young Mexican-American women: enhancing our understanding of risk for early childbearing.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among a cohort of 237 sexually active females aged 14-19 years recruited from community venues in a predominantly Latino neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the authors examined the relation between gang exposure and pregnancy incidence over 2 years of follow-up between 2001 and 2004. Using discrete-time survival analysis, they investigated whether gang membership by individuals and partners was associated with pregnancy incidence and determined whether partnership characteristics, contraceptive behaviors, and pregnancy intentions mediated the relation between gang membership and pregnancy. Pregnancy incidence was determined by urine-based testing and self-report. Latinas represented 77% of participants, with one in five born outside the United States. One quarter (27.4%) became pregnant over follow-up. Participants' gang membership had no significant effect on pregnancy incidence (hazard ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 3.45); however, having partners who were in gangs was associated with pregnancy (hazard ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 3.32). The male partner's perceived pregnancy intentions and having a partner in detention each mediated the effect of partner's gang membership on pregnancy risk. Increased pregnancy incidence among young women with gang-involved partners highlights the importance of integrating reproductive health prevention into programs for gang-involved youth. In addition, high pregnancy rates indicate a heightened risk for sexually transmitted infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.