ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination of human newborns induces T cells with complex cytokine and phenotypic profiles.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2016Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of BCG Revaccination WithFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Functional, Antigen-Specific Stem Cell Memory (TFrontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth on T and B lymphocyte subsets: Results from a clinical randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- The association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination (1331 SSI) skin reaction and subsequent scar development in infants.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Revaccination of Adults with Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Induces Long-Lived BCG-Reactive NK Cell Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Trial
- Intracellular Cytokine Staining and Flow Cytometry: Considerations for Application in Clinical Trials of Novel Tuberculosis Vaccines.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Distinct T-cell responses when BCG vaccination is delayed from birth to 6 weeks of age in Ugandan infants.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Heterologous vaccination against human tuberculosis modulates antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell function.European journal of immunology · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Interferon γ responses to mycobacterial antigens protect against subsequent HIV-associated tuberculosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Trial
- Modified vaccinia Ankara-expressing Ag85A, a novel tuberculosis vaccine, is safe in adolescents and children, and induces polyfunctional CD4+ T cells.European journal of immunology · 2010Trial
- Delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age may result in an enhanced memory CD4 T cell response.Vaccine · 2009Trial
- Trial
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Peptide nanofibers and PAMP agonist combinations enhance pulmonary CD4Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- BCG vaccination induces antibacterial effector functions among Vδ1/3 T cells that are associated with protection against tuberculosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Vaccination of newborn monkeys with an influenza HA stem nanoparticle adjuvanted with R848 and AddaVax results in broadened HA recognition and increased antibody secreting cells to HA stem following H1N1 challenge.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cross-species blood transcriptional correlates of BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis include innate and adaptive immune processes.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The immune response to vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only tuberculosis vaccine available, has not been fully characterized. We used multiparameter flow cytometry to examine specific T cell cytokine production and phenotypic profiles in blood from 10-wk-old infants routinely vaccinated with BCG at birth. Ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with BCG for 12 h induced expression of predominantly IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha in CD4+ T cells in seven distinct cytokine combinations. IL-4 and IL-10 expression was detected in CD4+ T cells at low frequencies and only in cells that did not coexpress type 1 cytokines. Specific CD8+ T cells were less frequent than CD4+ T cells and produced mainly IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 and less TNF-alpha, IL-4, and IL-10. Importantly, many mycobacteria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma. The predominant phenotype of BCG-specific type 1 T cells was that of effector cells, i.e., CD45RA-CCR7-CD27+, which may reflect persistence of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in infants until 10 wk of age. Among five phenotypic patterns of CD4+ T cells, central memory cells were more likely to be IL-2+ and effector cells were more likely to be IFN-gamma+. We concluded that neonatal vaccination with BCG induces T cells with a complex pattern of cytokine expression and phenotypes. Measuring IFN-gamma production alone underestimates the magnitude and complexity of the host cytokine response to BCG vaccination and may not be an optimal readout in studies of BCG and novel tuberculosis vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.