ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2008
DDE, a degradation product of DDT, and duration of lactation in a highly exposed area of Mexico.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breastfeeding duration: a review.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2020Review
- Metabolomics Reveals Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Induces Liver and Mammary Gland Metabolic Dysfunction in Lactating Mice.Journal of proteome research · 2018Article
- In utero exposure to DDT and incidence of diarrhea among boys from tropical Mexico.Environmental research · 2017Article
- Biological underpinnings of breastfeeding challenges: the role of genetics, diet, and environment on lactation physiology.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Review
- EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals.Endocrine reviews · 2015Review
- Prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in relation to lower respiratory tract infections in boys from a highly exposed area of Mexico.Environmental research · 2014Article
- Prepubertal exposure to arsenic(III) suppresses circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) delaying sexual maturation in female rats.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- Exposure to chemical mixtures in Mexican children: high-risk scenarios.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2013Article
- Environmental exposures and mammary gland development: state of the science, public health implications, and research recommendations.Environmental health perspectives · 2011Review
- Assessment of DDT, DDE, and 1-hydroxypyrene levels in blood and urine samples in children from Chiapas Mexico.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2011Article
- Prenatal exposure to the major DDT metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and growth in boys from Mexico.Environmental research · 2010Article
- Serum persistent organic pollutants and duration of lactation among Mexican-American women.Journal of environmental and public health · 2010Article
- The Pine River statement: human health consequences of DDT use.Environmental health perspectives · 2009Review
- Reliability of reported breastfeeding duration among reproductive-aged women from Mexico.Maternal & child nutrition · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigher levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), the major degradation product of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), have been related to shorter duration of breast-feeding in previous studies. If DDE truly shortens lactation, this has public health importance regarding infant mortality and the use of DDT for malaria control.
objectiveOur aim was to assess the relationship of maternal DDE concentrations with length of subsequent lactation.
methodsWe conducted a relatively large study in a highly exposed area of Mexico. We followed 784 mother-son pairs to determine length of lactation. DDE and DDT were measured in maternal serum obtained within a day of delivery. We fit proportional hazard models with and without stratifying by previous breast-feeding, because an association of DDE with duration of lactation among those who breast-fed previously could be attributed to a noncausal mechanism.
resultsCompared with those with DDE concentrations < or = 3.00 microg/g, the adjusted hazard ratios of weaning according to DDE category were, for concentrations 3.01-6.00 microg/g, 1.27 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.55]; for concentrations 6.01-9.00 microg/g, 1.23 (95% CI, 0.92-1.63); and for concentrations > 9.00 microg/g, 1.17 (95% CI, 0.92-1.49). The corresponding ratios for women who previously breast-fed were 1.40 (95% CI, 1.06-1.87); 1.91 (95% CI, 1.24-2.93); and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.22-2.53). Those for women who had not breast-fed previously were 1.14 (95% CI, 0.86-1.52); 0.90 (95% CI, 0.61-1.31); and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.66-1.26).
conclusionsData from our relatively large study in a highly exposed area of Mexico did not support the hypothesis that exposure to DDE shortens length of lactation. The association seen in women who previously breast-fed was likely attributed to a noncausal mechanism. Nonetheless, whether DDT has other important adverse effects on humans is still an open question.
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