ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Allelic mutant series reveal distinct functions for Arabidopsis cycloartenol synthase 1 in cell viability and plastid biogenesis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Arabidopsis 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases/C4-Decarboxylases Are Essential for the Pollen and Embryonic Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Gene expression and genetic divergence in oak species highlight adaptive genes to soil water constraints.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Molecular Mechanisms ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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- Different Inhibitory Effects of Erythromycin and Chlortetracycline on Early Growth ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sterols have multiple functions in all eukaryotes. In plants, sterol biosynthesis is initiated by the enzymatic conversion of 2,3-oxidosqualene to cycloartenol. This reaction is catalyzed by cycloartenol synthase 1 (CAS1), which belongs to a family of 13 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases in Arabidopsis thaliana. To understand the full scope of sterol biological functions in plants, we characterized allelic series of cas1 mutations. Plants carrying the weak mutant allele cas1-1 were viable but developed albino inflorescence shoots because of photooxidation of plastids in stems that contained low amounts of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Consistent with the CAS1 catalyzed reaction, mutant tissues accumulated 2,3-oxidosqualene. This triterpenoid precursor did not increase at the expense of the pathway end products. Two strong mutations, cas1-2 and cas1-3, were not transmissible through the male gametes, suggesting a role for CAS1 in male gametophyte function. To validate these findings, we analyzed a conditional CRE/loxP recombination-dependent cas1-2 mutant allele. The albino phenotype of growing leaf tissues was a typical defect observed shortly after the CRE/loxP-induced onset of CAS1 loss of function. In the induced cas1-2 seedlings, terminal phenotypes included arrest of meristematic activity, followed by necrotic death. Mutant tissues accumulated 2,3-oxidosqualene and contained low amounts of sterols. The vital role of sterols in membrane functioning most probably explains the requirement of CAS1 for plant cell viability. The observed impact of cas1 mutations on a chloroplastic function implies a previously unrecognized role of sterols or triterpenoid metabolites in plastid biogenesis.
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