ReviewDialogues in clinical neuroscience2007
Pharmacologic treatments for opioid dependence: detoxification and maintenance options.
Review in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of therapies for patients with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Pooled it
- Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Discontinuation of buprenorphine maintenance therapy: perspectives and outcomes.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2015Pooled it
- Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin during outpatient buprenorphine-assisted taper and transition to injectable naltrexone.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2025Trial
- Nabilone pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence: A randomized, controlled pilot study.The American journal on addictions · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Anhedonia, depression, anxiety, and craving in opiate dependent patients stabilized on oral naltrexone or an extended release naltrexone implant.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2016Trial
- Long-term outcomes after randomization to buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone in a multi-site trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2016Trial
- Treatment outcomes in opioid dependent patients with different buprenorphine/naloxone induction dosing patterns and trajectories.The American journal on addictions · 2015Trial
- Characterizing opioid withdrawal during double-blind buprenorphine detoxification.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- A placebo-controlled trial of dextromethorphan as an adjunct in opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Extended release naltrexone injection is performed in the majority of opioid dependent patients receiving outpatient induction: a very low dose naltrexone and buprenorphine open label trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Employment-based abstinence reinforcement following inpatient detoxification in HIV-positive opioid and/or cocaine-dependent patients.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- A randomized, double-blind evaluation of buprenorphine taper duration in primary prescription opioid abusers.JAMA psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Naltrexone with or without guanfacine for preventing relapse to opiate addiction in St.-Petersburg, Russia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Trial
- Effects of prototypic calcium channel blockers in methadone-maintained humans responding under a naloxone discrimination procedure.European journal of pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Randomized trial of long-acting sustained-release naltrexone implant vs oral naltrexone or placebo for preventing relapse to opioid dependence.Archives of general psychiatry · 2012Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of a new immediate-release methadone tablet formulation with decreased in vitro solubility.Clinical drug investigation · 2012Trial
- Problem drinking and low-dose naltrexone-assisted opioid detoxification.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2011Trial
- Modeling Recurrent Events: A Tutorial Based on Relapse and Remitting Episodes during Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2026Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While opioid dependence has more treatment agents available than other abused drugs, none are curative. They can, however, markedly diminish withdrawal symptoms and craving, and block opioid effects due to lapses. The most effective withdrawal method is substituting and tapering methadone or buprenorphine. alpha-2 Adrenergic agents can ameliorate untreated symptoms or substitute for agonists if not available. Shortening withdrawal by precipitating it with narcotic antagonists has been studied, but the methods are plagued by safety issues or persisting symptoms. Neither the withdrawal agents nor the methods are associated with better long-term outcome, which appears mostly related to post-detoxification treatment. Excluding those with short-term habits, the best outcome occurs with long-term maintenance on methadone or buprenorphine accompanied by appropriate psychosocial interventions. Those with strong external motivation may do well on the antagonist naltrexone. Currently, optimum duration of maintenance on either is unclear. Better agents are needed to impact the brain changes related to addiction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18286804PMC3202507W15374297What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.