ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Enhancement of antibody responses to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen domain IV by use of calreticulin as a chimeric molecular adjuvant.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A calreticulin-linked HPV-16 E7 minigene DNA vaccine elicits strong E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and durable antitumor effects in a preclinical model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A multipathogen DNA vaccine elicits protective immune responses against two class A bioterrorism agents, anthrax and botulism.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Calreticulin as an AdjuvantJournal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Article
- Generation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Anthrax Protective Antigen following Vaccination with a Recombinant Protective Antigen Vaccine.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Amblyomma americanum tick calreticulin binds C1q but does not inhibit activation of the classical complement cascade.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2015Article
- Anthrax prophylaxis: recent advances and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Enhanced Immune Response to DNA Vaccine Encoding Bacillus anthracis PA-D4 Protects Mice against Anthrax Spore Challenge.PloS one · 2015Article
- Retention of structure, antigenicity, and biological function of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) released from polyanhydride nanoparticles.Acta biomaterialia · 2013Article
- Adjuvanticity of a recombinant calreticulin fragment in assisting anti-β-glucan IgG responses in T cell-deficient mice.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Article
- Calreticulin as a hydrophilic chimeric molecular adjuvant enhances IgG responses to the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.Microbiology and immunology · 2012Article
- Article
- Review
- Maximal adjuvant activity of nasally delivered IL-1α requires adjuvant-responsive CD11c(+) cells and does not correlate with adjuvant-induced in vivo cytokine production.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Recombinant adenovirus delivery of calreticulin-ESAT-6 produces an antigen-specific immune response but no protection against a Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2012Article
- Design of a protective single-dose intranasal nanoparticle-based vaccine platform for respiratory infectious diseases.PloS one · 2011Article
- Regulation of anthrax toxin-specific antibody titers by natural killer T cell-derived IL-4 and IFNγ.PloS one · 2011Article
- CD1d-dependent B-cell help by NK-like T cells leads to enhanced and sustained production of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-neutralizing antibodies.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
- Targeting and retention of HPV16 E7 to the endoplasmic reticulum enhances immune tumour protection.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The generation of protective humoral immune responses against the receptor-binding domain (domain IV) of protective antigen [PA(dIV)] of Bacillus anthracis represents a plausible approach against anthrax toxin. In the current study, we have developed a naked DNA vaccine encoding calreticulin (CRT) linked to PA(dIV) of Bacillus anthracis [CRT/PA(dIV)]. We transfected a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293) with CRT/PA(dIV) DNA and performed Western blotting and confocal microscopy analysis. We found that linkage of CRT to PA(dIV) targets PA(dIV) to the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in secretion of the chimeric CRT/PA(dIV) protein. We then evaluated the ability of CRT/PA(dIV) DNA to generate PA(dIV)-specific antibody responses and protective immunity against lethal anthrax toxin (PA plus lethal factor) challenge. We found that mice immunized with CRT/PA(dIV) DNA were capable of rapidly inducing significantly higher PA(dIV)-specific antibody responses than mice immunized with PA(dIV) DNA alone. Furthermore, we observed that this enhanced antibody response generated by CRT/PA(dIV) DNA was CD4 dependent, since CD4 knockout mice demonstrated a significant reduction in antibody responses. In addition, analysis of the titers and avidity maturation of the induced PA-specific antibodies revealed that vaccination with CRT/PA(dIV) DNA vaccine accelerated the avidity maturation of antibodies to PA(dIV) compared to vaccination with PA(dIV) DNA. Importantly, the enhanced antibody responses correlated to protective immunity against lethal anthrax toxin challenge. Thus, DNA vaccines encoding CRT linked to PA(dIV) may dramatically enhance PA-specific protective antibody responses. Our results have significant clinical applications for biodefense against anthrax toxin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.