ReviewCellular immunology
Opioid and nociceptin receptors regulate cytokine and cytokine receptor expression.
Review in Cellular immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05172739 (Effect of a Perioperative Opioid Free Anaesthesia-Analgesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Perioperative Opioid Free Anaesthesia-Analgesia (OFA-A) Strategy on Surgical Stress Response and Immunomodulation in Elective VATS Lobectomy for NSCLC Lung Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Study
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- The organ-specific modulation of malignant processes by opioids: a systematic review of cell culture studies.British journal of cancer · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the role of the nociceptin receptor system in stress, cognition, and reward: relevance to schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Efficacy of Intravenous Butorphanol for Preventing Epidural-Related Maternal Fever (ERMF) During Epidural Labor Analgesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Preventive Analgesia with Nalbuphine and Dexmedetomidine in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.Pain research & management · 2022Trial
- A Dose-Response Relationship Study of Prophylactic Nalbuphine to Reduce Pain During the Awakening Period in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Total Hysterectomy: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Trial
- Safety and tolerability of low-dose naltrexone therapy in children with moderate to severe Crohn's disease: a pilot study.Journal of clinical gastroenterology · 2013Trial
- κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists as Robust Pain-Modulating Agents: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Pain Modulation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Melatonin Type 2 Receptor Agonist IIK7 Attenuates and Reverses Morphine Tolerance in Neuropathic Pain Rats Through the Suppression of Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Beyond prediction: unveiling the prognostic power of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors, alongside immune mediators, in assessing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Interactions Between Endogenous Opioids and the Immune System.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Prevalence of COVID-19 outcomes in patients referred to opioid agonist treatment centers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Genetic and epigenetic regulation of Catechol-O-methyltransferase in relation to inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome and Fibromyalgia.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Opioids in cancer: The κ‑opioid receptor (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- Analysis of the Immunoexpression of Opioid Receptors and their Correlation with Markers of Angiogenesis, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Observational
- Editorial: The Role of Opioid Receptors in Immune System Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Tobacco smoke and morphine alter peripheral and CNS inflammation following HIV infection in a humanized mouse model.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- General Anesthetics on Immune System Cytokines: A Narrative Review Article.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2020Review
- Bidirectional Regulation of Opioid and Chemokine Function.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Opioids were originally discovered because of their ability to induce analgesia, but further investigation has shown that the opioids regulate the function of cells involved in the immune response. We suggest that the regulation of cytokine, chemokine, and cytokine receptor expression is a critical component of the immunomodulatory activity of the opioids. In this paper we review the literature dealing with the regulation of cytokine and cytokine receptor expression by agonists for the three major opioid receptor types (mu, kappa, and delta), and nociceptin, the natural agonist for the orphanin FQ/nociceptin receptor. Although the opioid receptors share a high degree of sequence homology, opposing roles between the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and the mu opioid receptor (MOR) have become apparent. We suggest that activation of the KOR induces an anti-inflammatory response through the down-regulation of cytokine, chemokine and chemokine receptor expression, while activation of the MOR favors a pro-inflammatory response. Investigation into the opioid receptor-like (ORL1)/nociceptin system also suggests a role for this receptor as a down-regulator of immune function. These effects suggest a broad role for opioids in the modulation of the function of the immune system, and suggest possible targets for the development of new therapeutics for inflammatory and infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.