ReviewCNS drugs2008
Pharmacological control of acute agitation: focus on intramuscular preparations.
Review in CNS drugs, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Treatment of Agitation With Lorazepam in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Intramuscular Generic Injection (QLG2072) versus Haloperidol in Chinese Patients with Acute Agitation: A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Ziprasidone Injection vs Haloperidol Injection for Agitation in Patients with Acute Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- The safety and efficacy of sequential intramuscular/oral ziprasidone treatment of acute episode in patients with schizophrenia: a multicenter, open-labeled study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Patient Characteristics and Emergency Treatment Orders in Three Florida Inpatient Psychiatric Units.HCA healthcare journal of medicine · 2021Article
- Two Sudden and Unexpected Deaths of Patients with Schizophrenia Associated with Intramuscular Injections of Antipsychotics and Practice Guidelines to Limit the Use of High Doses of Intramuscular Antipsychotics.Case reports in psychiatry · 2016Article
- Issues in the management of acute agitation: how much current guidelines consider safety?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2013Article
- Pharmacologic management of acutely agitated pediatric patients.Paediatric drugs · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute agitation in the psychiatric emergency setting is a common presentation, which can endanger the patient, caregivers and professional staff. Rapid and effective treatment, followed by ongoing evaluation and maintenance treatment where appropriate, is key to circumvent negative outcomes. Nonpharmacological measures are the first step in treating the acutely agitated patient, and include verbal intervention and physical restraint. Pharmacological treatment is often required to ensure the safety of the patient, caregivers and the treatment team. The need for drug delivery in uncooperative patients favours the use of intramuscular preparations for the acutely agitated patient. Intramuscular treatment options include benzodiazepines, conventional antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics. Each of these medications offers a unique pharmacological profile that must be considered when treating acutely agitated patients, who may be unwilling or unable to accurately communicate their co-morbid conditions and concomitant medications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18278976What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.