SynthesisInternational journal of obesity (2005)2008
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of obesity (2005), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 284 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
284 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood seizure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Paternal Smoking and Overweight/Obesity with Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review.Current obesity reports · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis on Associations of Timing of Maternal Smoking Cessation Before and During Pregnancy With Childhood Overweight and Obesity.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Pooled it
- Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Pooled it
- The Mediating Effect of Self-Regulation in the Association Between Poverty and Child Weight: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2019Pooled it
- The Long-Term Effects of Dietary Nutrient Intakes during the First 2 Years of Life in Healthy Infants from Developed Countries: An Umbrella Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Prenatal smoking exposure and cardio-metabolic risk factors in adulthood: a general population study and a meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2019Pooled it
- Differences in maternal smoking across successive pregnancies - dose-dependent relation to BMI z-score in the offspring: an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2018Pooled it
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose-response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2018Pooled it
- Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Prospective BMI changes in preschool children are associated with parental characteristics and body weight perceptions: the ToyBox-study.Public health nutrition · 2022Trial
- Smoking during pregnancy is associated with child overweight independent of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and genetic predisposition to adiposity.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Protocol for study of financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy (FISCP): randomised, multicentre study.BMJ open · 2016Trial
- A Comparison of the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence and Cigarette Dependence Scale in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Pregnant Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- The HAPPY (Healthy and Active Parenting Programmme for early Years) feasibility randomised control trial: acceptability and feasibility of an intervention to reduce infant obesity.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Caregiver Feeding Practices and Late-Preschool BMI-for-Age z-Score Trajectories Among WIC-Enrolled Children: A National Longitudinal Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Exploring parental prenatal influences on child health: A multicohort study and data visualisation tool.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Acute maternal stress in pregnancy and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescent offspring: a birth-cohort study.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Biomineralization of Dental Enamel in Rats.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
224 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePerform a systematic review of studies reporting on the association between maternal prenatal cigarette smoking and child overweight.
designMeta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES: Medline search and review of reference lists among studies published through June 2006. REVIEW
methodsIncluded studies reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of overweight among children at least 2 years of age. We did not include in the meta-analysis studies that provided only a continuous measure of adiposity, although those studies are discussed separately.
resultsBased on results of 84 563 children reported in 14 observational studies, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were at elevated risk for overweight (pooled adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.65) at ages 3-33 years, compared with children whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy. The pooled estimate from unadjusted odds ratios (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.69) was similar to the adjusted estimate, suggesting that sociodemographic and behavioral differences between smokers and nonsmokers did not explain the observed association. Although we observed evidence for publication bias, simulating a symmetric set of studies yielded a similar estimate (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.55).
conclusionsPrenatal smoking exposure appears to increase rates of overweight in childhood. In parts of the world undergoing the epidemiologic transition, the continuing increase in smoking among young women could contribute to spiraling increases in rates of obesity-related health outcomes in the 21st century.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.