ArticleCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2008
The cost of antiretroviral therapy in Haiti.
Article in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Is there scope for cost savings and efficiency gains in HIV services? A systematic review of the evidence from low- and middle-income countries.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2014Pooled it
- Unit costs for delivery of antiretroviral treatment and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: a systematic review for low- and middle-income countries.PharmacoEconomics · 2011Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy at Different Points in TB Treatment in HIV-TB Coinfected Ambulatory Patients in South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of early versus standard antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adults in Haiti.PLoS medicine · 2011Trial
- How can we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of health system strengthening? A typology and illustrations.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Article
- Superior outcomes and lower outpatient costs with scale-up of antiretroviral therapy at the GHESKIO clinic in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Article
- Scaling up integrated prevention campaigns for global health: costs and cost-effectiveness in 70 countries.BMJ open · 2014Article
- The Haiti research-based model of international public health collaboration: the GHESKIO Centers.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Article
- Estimating the cost to rural ambulating HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in rural Ghana: a pilot study.The Pan African medical journal · 2012Article
- The cost of providing comprehensive HIV treatment in PEPFAR-supported programs.AIDS (London, England) · 2011Article
- Should patents for antiretrovirals be waived in the developing world? Annual Varsity Medical Debate--London, 21 January 2011.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2011Article
- Clinical impact and cost of monitoring for asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-poor setting.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2010Article
- Cost estimates of HIV care and treatment with and without anti-retroviral therapy at Arba Minch Hospital in southern Ethiopia.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe determined direct medical costs, overhead costs, societal costs, and personnel requirements for the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to patients with AIDS in Haiti.
methodsWe examined data from 218 treatment-naïve adults who were consecutively initiated on ART at the GHESKIO Center in Port-au-Prince, Haiti between December 23, 2003 and May 20, 2004 and calculated costs and personnel requirements for the first year of ART.
resultsThe mean total cost of treatment per patient was $US 982 including $US 846 in direct costs, $US 114 for overhead, and $US 22 for societal costs. The direct cost per patient included generic ART medications $US 355, lab tests $US 130, nutrition $US 117, hospitalizations $US 62, pre-ART evaluation $US 58, labor $US 51, non-ART medications $US 39, outside referrals $US 31, and telephone cards for patient retention $US 3. Higher treatment costs were associated with hospitalization, change in ART regimen, TB treatment, and survival for one year. We estimate that 1.5 doctors and 2.5 nurses are required to treat 1000 patients in the first year after initiating ART.
conclusionInitial ART treatment in Haiti costs approximately $US 1,000 per patient per year. With generic first-line antiretroviral drugs, only 36% of the cost is for medications. Patients who change regimens are significantly more expensive to treat, highlighting the need for less-expensive second-line drugs. There may be sufficient health care personnel to treat all HIV-infected patients in urban areas of Haiti, but not in rural areas. New models of HIV care are needed for rural areas using assistant medical officers and community health workers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.