Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18274606›Full record

ReviewExperimental diabetes research2007

Contributions of inflammatory processes to the development of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Timothy S Kern

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental diabetes research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 342 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
342citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
17.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

342 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 615 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Article
  7. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of inflammation in the field of diabetic retinopathy research (2006-2025).Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Article
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  9. Review
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  15. Prostanoid signaling in retinal vascular diseases.Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators · 2024
    Review
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  17. Article
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  19. Article
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282 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Timothy S KernDepartment of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-5029, USA. tsk@case.edu
Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center · US

Funding

STUDY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHYR01EY000300 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 1985 to 2013
$4.7M
PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETIC MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONSP01DK057733 · NIDDK · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2000 to 2003
$2.2M
Study of diabetic retinopathyR56EY000300 · NEI · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KERN, TIMOTHY S · 2009 to 2009
$353k
NEI NIH HHS EY00300NIDDK NIH HHS DK57733NIDDK NIH HHS P01 DK057733
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diabetes causes metabolic and physiologic abnormalities in the retina, and these changes suggest a role for inflammation in the development of diabetic retinopathy. These changes include upregulation of iNOS, COX-2, ICAM-1, caspase 1, VEGF, and NF-kappaB, increased production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, IL-1beta, and cytokines, as well as increased permeability and leukostasis. Using selective pharmacologic inhibitors or genetically modified animals, an increasing number of therapeutic approaches have been identified that significantly inhibit development of at least the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, especially occlusion and degeneration of retinal capillaries. A common feature of a number of these therapies is that they inhibit production of inflammatory mediators. The concept that localized inflammatory processes play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy is relatively new, but evidence that supports the hypothesis is accumulating rapidly. This new hypothesis offers new insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and offers novel targets to inhibit the ocular disease.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntioxidantsCapillariesCapillary PermeabilityCaspase 1Cell AdhesionCytokinesDiabetic RetinopathyDisease Models, AnimalGlycation End Products, AdvancedInflammationIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1Interleukin-1betaLeukocytesNF-kappa BNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIAntioxidantsCaspase 1CytokinesGlycation End Products, AdvancedIntercellular Adhesion Molecule-1Interleukin-1betaNF-kappa BNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIProstaglandin-Endoperoxide SynthasesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaVascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Identifiers

PMID18274606
PMCPMC2216058
OpenAlexW2060141430

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.