ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Galanin decreases proliferation of PC12 cells and induces apoptosis via its subtype 2 receptor (GalR2).
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of celastrol on the heart and liver galaninergic system expression in a mouse model of Western-type diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Anti-tumor activity of a recombinant measles virus against canine lung cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex-dependent differences in the genomic profile of lingual sensory neurons in naïve and tongue-tumor bearing mice.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Downregulation of the expression of galanin impairs erectile function in hypoandrogenic rats.Sexual medicine · 2023Article
- Sex-dependent Differences in the Genomic Profile of Lingual Sensory Neurons in Naïve and Tongue-Tumor Bearing Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The Galaninergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment.Cancers · 2022Review
- Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- An assembly of galanin-galanin receptor signaling network.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2021Article
- Galanin System in Human Glioma and Pituitary Adenoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- Review: Occurrence and Distribution of Galanin in the Physiological and Inflammatory States in the Mammalian Gastrointestinal Tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Galanin expression is down-regulated in patients with gastric cancer.The Journal of international medical research · 2019Article
- Gene networks in basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid, analyzed using gene expression profiling.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- The phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is a determinant of zileuton response in adults with asthma.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2018Article
- Article
- Characterization of the Rat GAL2R Promoter: Positive Role of ETS-1 in Regulation of the Rat GAL2R Gene in PC12 Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Article
- Galanin receptor 2 mediates antifibrogenic effects of galanin on hepatic stellate cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2016Article
- Epigenetic inactivation of galanin and GALR1/2 is associated with early recurrence in head and neck cancer.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2016Article
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Next Generation Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancer?Toxins · 2015Review
- Galanin modulates the neural niche to favour perineural invasion in head and neck cancer.Nature communications · 2015Article
- GABAergic terminals are a source of galanin to modulate cholinergic neuron development in the neonatal forebrain.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide with a wide range of effects in the nervous and endocrine systems, mediated through three G protein-coupled receptor subtypes (GalR1-3). Interestingly, galanin and its receptors are also expressed in certain tumors. Here we studied the effects of galanin in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells stably transfected with GFP-tagged GalR2. Galanin at 100 nM inhibited cell proliferation in both nontransfected and transfected cells. Conversly, both galanin and the GalR2(R3)-agonist AR-M1896 induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death only in GalR2-transfected cells. Western-blot analyses of downstream mediators of the G(q/11)-type G protein showed down-regulation of pAkt and pBad in galanin-exposed transfected cells. Also, the specific PI3 kinase inhibitor LY-294002 increased the level of pBad and decreased activation of caspases. In addition, p21(cip1) levels were up-regulated in galanin-exposed PC12 cells and down-regulated in galanin-exposed GalR2-transfected cells. In agreement, FACS analyses of galanin exposed cells showed occurrence of cell cycle arrest in PC12 cells and cell death in transfected cells. Finally, as shown with real-time PCR, galanin and its receptors were expressed at very high levels in human pheochromocytoma tissues as compared with normal adrenal medulla. These findings point to GalR2 as a possible target for therapeuthic interventions in pheochromocytoma.
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