ReviewCOPD2008
Pneumocystis: a novel pathogen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Review in COPD, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of emphysema in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in the current combined antiretroviral therapy era: A systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Predictors of PneumocystisInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Long-term Outcomes of Patients With HIV andOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Characterized by Increased Small Airways Dysfunction on Computed Tomography Imaging.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- COPD in People with HIV: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Management, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Review
- Transmission and Colonization ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Relationship ofBMJ open respiratory research · 2021Article
- Increased mRNA expression of key cytokines among suspected cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in HIV.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2021Review
- Role ofExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Circulating genotypes of Pneumocystis jirovecii and its clinical correlation in patients from a single tertiary center in India.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
- Pneumocystis infection alters the activation state of pulmonary macrophages.Immunobiology · 2017Article
- Oropharyngeal and Sputum Microbiomes Are Similar Following Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- Factors associated with abnormal spirometry among HIV-infected individuals.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Article
- B Lymphocytes Are Required during the Early Priming of CD4+ T Cells for Clearance of Pneumocystis Infection in Mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Review
- Article
- Increased risk of radiographic emphysema in HIV is associated with elevated soluble CD14 and nadir CD4.Chest · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in significant morbidity and mortality. Smoking has long been recognized as the primary risk factor for development of COPD, but factors determining the severity or pattern of disease in smokers are largely unknown. Recent interest has focused on the potential role of infectious agents and the associated host response in accelerating progression of airway obstruction or in perpetuating its progression following discontinuation of tobacco exposure. Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Recent evidence has linked this organism with COPD. Using sensitive molecular techniques, low levels of Pneumocystis have been detected in the respiratory tract of certain individuals and termed colonization. Several findings support the theory that colonization with Pneumocystis is involved in the "vicious circle" hypothesis of COPD in which colonization with organisms perpetuates an inflammatory and lung remodeling response. Pneumocystis colonization is more prevalent in smokers and in those with severe COPD. The presence of Pneumocystis in the lungs, even at low levels, produces inflammatory changes similar to those seen in COPD, with increases in numbers of neutrophils and CD8(+) lymphocytes. HIV-infected subjects who have had PCP develop permanent airway obstruction, and HIV-infected patients have a high prevalence of both emphysema and Pneumocystis colonization. In addition, a non-human primate model of colonization shows development of airway obstruction and radiographic emphysema. Additional studies are needed to confirm the role of Pneumocystis in the pathogenesis of COPD, given that this agent might be a treatable co-factor in disease progression.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.