ArticlePharmaceutical research2008
Application of calorimetry, sub-ambient atomic force microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis to the study of frozen aqueous trehalose solutions.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond glass transitions: studying the highly viscous and elastic behavior of frozen protein formulations using low temperature rheology and its potential implications on protein stability.Pharmaceutical research · 2013Article
- Thermally actuated tapping mode atomic force microscopy with polymer microcantilevers.The Review of scientific instruments · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeDisaccharides such as trehalose are widely used as cryo-protectants to maintain the activity of proteinaceous drugs during freezing. One unresolved issue is the double transition that is observed very commonly in DSC experiments on disaccharide solutions in the frozen state; the assignment of these transitions remains disputed. Here we use calorimetry and two new techniques to shed light on the true nature of these transitions.
methodsModulated Temperature DSC (MTDSC), cryo atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a novel DMA technique were used to study these transitions.
resultsMTDSC identified the two transitions Tr1 and Tr2 at -35.4 and -27.9 degrees C respectively in the reversing heat flow signal, an exotherm and endotherm were observed in the non-reversing signal at circa -32 and -29 degrees C respectively. It is shown for the first time that AFM images can be obtained of a softening and melting sample without damaging it. A force modulation imaging technique showed a softening at Tr1 and a loss of ice crystals at Tr2. These observations were supported by the DMA results.
conclusionsThe results indicate Tr1 is associated with a glass transition while Tr2 is associated with the onset of loss of crystallinity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.